{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:46:43Z","timestamp":1771296403552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi \u201cBagui\u201d Honor Scholar"},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2020GXNSFAA159020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFAA159020"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention Control and Translation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11971479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11971479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the rapid increase in HIV prevalence of men who have sex with men (MSM) in recent years and common human migration and travelling across different provinces in China, MSM are now finding it easier to meet each other, which might contribute to local HIV epidemics as well as fueling cross-province transmission. We performed a cross-sectional survey in 2018\u20132019 to investigate the current HIV subtype diversity and inferred HIV strain transmission origin among MSM in Guangxi province, China based on a phylogenetic analysis. Based on 238 samples, we found that the HIV-1 subtype diversity was more complicated than before, except for three major HIV subtypes\/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs): CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, CRF55_01B, five other subtypes\/CRFs (CRF59_01B, B, CRF08_BC, CRF67_01B, CRF68_01B) and five unique recombinant forms (URFs) were detected. In total, 76.8% (169\/220) of samples were infected with HIV from local circulating strains, while others originated from other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Shanghai. The high diversity of HIV recombinants and complicated HIV transmission sources in Guangxi MSM indicates that there has been an active sexual network between HIV positive MSM both within and outside Guangxi without any effective prevention. Inter-province collaboration must be enforced to provide tailored HIV prevention and control services to MSM in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87745-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T10:18:05Z","timestamp":1618481885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["HIV-1 subtype diversity and transmission strain source among men who have sex with men in Guangxi, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianwu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virasakdi","family":"Chongsuvivatwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"87745_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenner, B. G., Ibanescu, R.-I., Hardy, I. & Roger, M. Genotypic and phylogenetic insights on prevention of the spread of HIV-1 and drug resistance in \u2018real-world\u2019 settings. Viruses 10, (2017).","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010010"},{"key":"87745_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(94)90291-7","volume":"9","author":"EC Holmes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holmes, E. C. & Garnett, G. P. Genes, trees and infections: Molecular evidence in epidemiology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9, 256\u2013260 (1994).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"67","key":"87745_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000271","volume":"1999","author":"AM Dennis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dennis, A. M. et al. Phylogenetic studies of transmission dynamics in generalized HIV epidemics: An essential tool where the burden is greatest?. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 1999(67), 181\u2013195 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"87745_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.12.001","volume":"18","author":"J Hemelaar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hemelaar, J. The origin and diversity of the HIV-1 pandemic. Trends Mol. Med. 18, 182\u2013192 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"87745_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5060.1165","volume":"256","author":"CY Ou","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ou, C. Y. et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice. Science 256, 1165\u20131171 (1992).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"87745_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000187904.02261.1a","volume":"19","author":"P Lemey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemey, P. et al. Molecular testing of multiple HIV-1 transmissions in a criminal case. AIDS Lond. Engl. 19, 1649\u20131658 (2005).","journal-title":"AIDS Lond. Engl."},{"key":"87745_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001728","volume":"32","author":"AB Abecasis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abecasis, A. B., Pingarilho, M. & Vandamme, A.-M. Phylogenetic analysis as a forensic tool in HIV transmission investigations. AIDS 32, 543\u2013554 (2018).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"87745_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190461","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760190461","volume":"115","author":"T Gr\u00e4f","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4f, T., Delatorre, E. & Bello, G. Phylogenetics applied to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1): from the cross-species transmissions to the contact network inferences. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 115, e190461 (2020).","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"87745_CR9","unstructured":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Analysis of HIV\/STD epidemic in 2007. Beijing, China. http:\/\/www.chinacdc.cn\/jkzt\/crb\/zl\/azb\/jszl_2219\/201103\/t20110311_28108.html."},{"key":"87745_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guanghua, L. et al. HIV, syphilis and behavioral risk factors among men who have sex with men in a drug-using area of southwestern China: Results of 3 cross-sectional surveys from 2013 to 2015. Medicine (Baltimore) 97, e0404 (2018).","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010404"},{"key":"87745_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12831","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29201-3","volume":"8","author":"J Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. HIV-1 transmissions among recently infected individuals in Southwest China are predominantly derived from circulating local strains. Sci. Rep. 8, 12831 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"87745_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4559-1","volume":"19","author":"M-J Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong, M.-J. et al. The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: A large-scale systematic analysis. BMC Infect. Dis. 19, 1000 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"87745_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053902","volume":"95","author":"L Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei, L. et al. Use of gay app and the associated HIV\/syphilis risk among non-commercial men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China: a serial cross-sectional study. Sex. Transm. Infect. 95, 496\u2013504 (2019).","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"87745_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0050","volume":"23","author":"L Liao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liao, L. et al. Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of HIV type 1 isolates from recently infected injecting drug users in western China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23, 1062\u20131065 (2007).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","volume":"32","author":"L-T Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 268\u2013274 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"87745_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","volume":"14","author":"S Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B. Q., Wong, T. K. F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L. S. ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nat. Methods 14, 587\u2013589 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"87745_CR17","unstructured":"Minh, B. Q., Trifinopoulos, J., Schrempf, D. & Schmidt, H. A. IQ-TREE version 2.0: Tutorials and Manual Phylogenomic software by maximum likelihood. 140."},{"key":"87745_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","volume":"35","author":"DT Hoang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q. & Vinh, L. S. UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 518\u2013522 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"87745_CR19","unstructured":"Hall T A. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT[C]\/\/Nucleic acids symposium series. [London]: Information Retrieval Ltd., c1979-c2000., 1999, 41(41): 95\u201398."},{"key":"87745_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Weaver, S., Leigh Brown, A. J. & Wertheim, J. O. HIV-TRACE (TRAnsmission Cluster Engine): a Tool for Large Scale Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 and Other Rapidly Evolving Pathogens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 1812\u20131819 (2018).","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy016"},{"key":"87745_CR21","first-page":"512","volume":"10","author":"K Tamura","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tamura, K. & Nei, M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 512\u2013526 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"87745_CR22","unstructured":"Detecting and Responding to HIV Transmission Clusters - a Guide for Health Departments. June 2018. Draft Version 2.0. 132."},{"key":"87745_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","volume":"7","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drummond, A. J. & Rambaut, A. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol. Biol. 7, 214 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"87745_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss265","volume":"30","author":"MS Gill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gill, M. S. et al. Improving Bayesian population dynamics inference: A coalescent-based model for multiple loci. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 713\u2013724 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"87745_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088","volume":"4","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drummond, A. J., Ho, S. Y. W., Phillips, M. J. & Rambaut, A. Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence. PLoS Biol. 4, e88 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"87745_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28703","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28703","volume":"6","author":"J Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao, J. et al. The dynamics of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen China. Sci. Rep. 6, 28703 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"87745_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817003016","volume":"146","author":"YX Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song, Y. X. et al. Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Beijing. Epidemiol. Infect. 146, 339\u2013344 (2018).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"87745_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129559","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129559","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. HIV-1 genetic diversity and its impact on baseline CD4+T cells and viral loads among recently infected men who have sex with men in Shanghai China. PLoS ONE 10, e0129559 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.02.002","volume":"27","author":"AM Oster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oster, A. M. et al. Increasing HIV-1 subtype diversity in seven states, United States, 2006\u20132013. Ann. Epidemiol. 27, 244-251.e1 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"87745_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M. et al. HIV-1 genetic transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China. PLoS ONE 13, (2018).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196548"},{"key":"87745_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25204","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25204","volume":"21","author":"D Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang, D. et al. Molecular epidemiology of a primarily MSM acute HIV-1 cohort in Bangkok, Thailand and connections within networks of transmission in Asia. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 21, e25204 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"87745_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067286","volume":"8","author":"KT Ng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ng, K. T. et al. Evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE transmission clusters among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. PLoS ONE 8, e67286 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80884","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080884","volume":"8","author":"KT Ng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ng, K. T. et al. Phylodynamic profile of HIV-1 subtype B, CRF01_AE and the recently emerging CRF51_01B among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Singapore. PLoS ONE 8, e80884 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0263","volume":"35","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, L. et al. Multiple HIV-1 subtypes were found circulating in Shijingshan District of Beijing China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 35, 494\u2013499 (2019).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, D. et al. HIV-1 subtype diversity, drug resistance, and genetic transmission networks in men who have sex with men with virologic failure in antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan, China, 2011 to 2017. Medicine (Baltimore) 98, e17585 (2019).","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017585"},{"key":"87745_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0228","volume":"35","author":"M Hao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hao, M. et al. Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Second-Generation Recombinant Form (CRF01_AE\/07_BC) in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beijing China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 35, 500\u2013504 (2018).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1241-1","volume":"17","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paraskevis, D. et al. HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters in nine European countries and Canada: Association with demographic and clinical factors. BMC Med. 17, 4 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"87745_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv049","volume":"70","author":"P Frange","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frange, P. et al. HIV-1 subtype B-infected MSM may have driven the spread of transmitted resistant strains in France in 2007\u201312: impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 70, 2084\u20132089 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"87745_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168099","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168099","volume":"11","author":"S P\u00e9rez-Parra","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Parra, S. et al. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic profiles of subtype B HIV-1 epidemics in South Spain. PLoS ONE 11, e0168099 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172473","volume":"12","author":"M Parczewski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parczewski, M. et al. Expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Poland. PLoS ONE 12, e0172473 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0078","volume":"33","author":"E Kazennova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazennova, E. et al. Genetic variants of HIV Type 1 in men who have sex with men in Russia. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 33, 1061\u20131064 (2017).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, X. et al. Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF59_01B) identified among men who have sex with men in Northeastern China. Genome Announc. 1, (2013).","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00315-13"},{"key":"87745_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1189-6","volume":"16","author":"D Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia, D. et al. Two-year cross-sectional studies reveal that single, young MSMs in Shenzhen, China are at high risk for HIV infection. Virol. J. 16, 83 (2019).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"87745_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0117","volume":"33","author":"W Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Trends of HIV-1 subtypes among young people in Hangzhou China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 33, 219\u2013227 (2017).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Phylogenetic and temporal dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC among recently infected antiretroviral therapy-na\u00efve men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province, China, 2012 to 2015: A molecular epidemiology-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 97, e9826 (2018).","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009826"},{"key":"87745_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-1281-y","volume":"17","author":"D Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, D. et al. Genetic characterization of HIV-1 epidemic in Anhui Province China. Virol. J. 17, 17 (2020).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"87745_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25072","volume":"90","author":"Z-W Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Z.-W. et al. Surging HIV-1 CRF07_BC epidemic among recently infected men who have sex with men in Fujian China. J. Med. Virol. 90, 1210\u20131221 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"87745_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0091","volume":"33","author":"M Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Phylodynamic analysis revealed that epidemic of CRF07_BC strain in men who have sex with men drove its second spreading wave in China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 33, 1065\u20131069 (2017).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"87745_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199303000-00005","volume":"7","author":"CP Pau","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pau, C. P. et al. Highly specific V3 peptide enzyme immunoassay for serotyping HIV-1 specimens from Thailand. AIDS Lond. Engl. 7, 337\u2013340 (1993).","journal-title":"AIDS Lond. Engl."},{"key":"87745_CR50","unstructured":"Wirachsilp, P. et al. Surveillance of subtype and genetic variation of the circulating strains of HIV-1 in Thailand. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 38, 814\u2013827 (2007)."},{"key":"87745_CR51","first-page":"1164","volume":"35","author":"Y Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su, Y., Liu, H., Wu, J., Zhu, L. & Wang, N. Distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in China: A systematic review. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi 35, 1164\u20131168 (2014).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"87745_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47289","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047289","volume":"7","author":"X He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He, X. et al. A comprehensive mapping of HIV-1 genotypes in various risk groups and regions across China based on a nationwide molecular epidemiologic survey. PLoS ONE 7, e47289 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, H. et al. Rapid CD4+ T-cell decline is associated with coreceptor switch among MSM primarily infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Northeast China: AIDS 33, 13\u201322 (2019).","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001981"},{"key":"87745_CR54","first-page":"938","volume":"50","author":"QQ Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin, Q. Q. et al. The characteristics of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China and predictors of their migration, 2008\u20132015. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 50, 938\u2013942 (2016).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"87745_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw167","volume":"62","author":"G Mi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mi, G. et al. Hidden and mobile: A web-based study of migration patterns of men who have sex with men in China. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 62, 1443\u20131447 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"87745_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223377","volume":"14","author":"R-X Weng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weng, R.-X., Hong, F.-C., Yu, W.-Y. & Cai, Y.-M. Compare HIV\/syphilis infections between age groups and explore associated factors of HIV\/syphilis co-infections among men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China, from 2009 to 2017. PLoS ONE 14, e0223377 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR57","first-page":"1383","volume":"37","author":"YM Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun, Y. M. et al. Surveillance for HIV infection in MSM selected through respondent driven sampling in Beijing, 2005\u20132012. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi 37, 1383\u20131391 (2016).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"87745_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129300","volume":"10","author":"H Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, H. et al. High prevalence of HIV infection and bisexual networks among a sample of men who have sex with men in Eastern China. PLoS ONE 10, e0129300 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87745_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, R. et al. Using longitudinal genetic-network study to understand HIV treatment-as-prevention: a population-based observational study. AIDS Published Ahead of Print, (2021).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3514684"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87745-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87745-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87745-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T06:43:33Z","timestamp":1670049813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87745-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["87745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-87745-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8319"}}