{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:00:48Z","timestamp":1772136048827,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing are used to identify pathogen infections. Nevertheless, the process requires several days from collection to the identification of bacterial species and drug-resistance patterns. The digital PCR system is a rapidly developing quantitative detection technology widely applied to molecular diagnosis, including copy number variations, single nucleotide variant analysis, cancer biomarker discovery, and pathogen identification. This study aimed to use a droplet digital PCR system to identify bacteria in blood samples and explore its ability to identify pathogen in bacteremia. Then, we designed primers and probes of SWG-9 and COA gene for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to identify in blood samples with the ddPCR system. The system had demonstrated extremely high detection accuracy in blood samples, and the detection rate of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 13.1\u201321.4%, and that of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 50\u201388.3%. Finally, blood samples containing both\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were tested to evaluate further the accuracy and applicability of this method, indicating the detection rates range from 18.1% to 97%. The ddPCR system is highly promising as a qualitatively and quantitatively screening method for rapidly detecting pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87824-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T06:10:11Z","timestamp":1619071811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Qualitative and quantitative detection of surgical pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus based on ddPCR system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongkun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"87824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","volume":"392","author":"GA Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth, G. A. et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 392(10159), 1736\u20131788 (2018).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"87824_CR2","first-page":"88","volume":"6","author":"LP Alekseeva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alekseeva, L. P. et al. Comparative Assessment of Dot-Immunoassay and Immunochromatography Methods for Detection of 01 Serogroup of Vibrio Cholerae. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. 6, 88\u201393 (2010).","journal-title":"Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol."},{"key":"87824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.01.039","volume":"44","author":"B Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun, B. Nosocomial Infection in China: Management Status and Solutions. Am. J. Infect. Control. 44, 851\u2013852 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control."},{"key":"87824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.JNMS.2018_85-49","volume":"85","author":"K Shan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shan, K. et al. Evaluation of resistance by clinically pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobials and common disinfectants in Beijing, China. . J. Nippon Med. Sch. 85, 302\u2013308 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Nippon Med. Sch."},{"key":"87824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-450","volume":"74","author":"BW Blais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blais, B. W. & Martinez-Perez, A. A simple PCR-based macroarray system for detection of multiple gene markers in the identification of priority enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli. J Food Prot. 74, 365\u2013372 (2011).","journal-title":"J Food Prot."},{"key":"87824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-31","volume":"5","author":"MA Herbert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herbert, M. A. et al. Genetic islands of streptococcus agalactiae strains NEM316 and 2603VR and their presence in other group B streptococcal strains. BMC Microbiol. 5, 31 (2005).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"87824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2999980","volume":"230","author":"RK Saiki","year":"1985","unstructured":"Saiki, R. K. et al. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230, 1350\u20131354 (1985).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"87824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9236","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9236","volume":"96","author":"B Vogelstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, K. W. Digital PCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96, 9236\u20139241 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"87824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202578x","volume":"84","author":"LB Pinheiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinheiro, L. B. et al. Evaluation of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction format for DNA copy number quantification. Anal. Chem. 84, 1003\u20131011 (2012).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"87824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.183","volume":"23","author":"VG Oehler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oehler, V. G. et al. Absolute quantitative detection of ABL tyrosine kinase domain point mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia using a novel nanofluidic platform and mutation-specific PCR. Leukemia 23, 396\u2013399 (2009).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"87824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13999","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019446108","volume":"108","author":"AK White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White, A. K. et al. High-throughput microfluidic single-cell RT-qPCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108, 13999\u201314004 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"87824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3200-3","volume":"396","author":"P Corbisier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corbisier, P., Bhat, S., Partis, L., Xie, V. R. & Emslie, K. R. Absolute quantification of genetically modified MON810 maize (Zea Mays L.) by digital polymerase chain reaction. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 2143\u20132150 (2010).","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"87824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055943","volume":"8","author":"MC Strain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strain, M. C. et al. Highly precise measurement of HIV DNA by droplet digital PCR. PLoS ONE 8, e55943 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"87824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.11.015","volume":"476","author":"SY Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, S. Y. et al. A new approach of digital PCR system for non-invasive prenatal screening of trisomy 21. Clin. Chim. Acta. 476, 75\u201380 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"87824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000333447","volume":"4","author":"M McAdow","year":"2012","unstructured":"McAdow, M., Missiakas, D. M. & Schneewind, O. Staphylococcus aureus secretes coagulase and Von Willebrand factor binding protein to modify the coagulation cascade and establish host infections. J. Innate Immun. 4, 141\u2013148 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"87824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1752610","volume":"9","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. Significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections: implication from a family cluster. Emerg Microbes Infect. 9, 924\u2013927 (2020).","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"87824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8259","volume":"323","author":"N Sethuraman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sethuraman, N., Jeremiah, S. S. & Ryo, A. Interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 323, 2249\u20132251 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"87824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1495","volume":"173","author":"LM Kucirka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kucirka, L. M., Lauer, S. A., Laeyendecker, O., Boon, D. & Lessler, J. Variation in false-negative rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based SARS-CoV-2 tests by time since exposure. Ann. Intern. Med. 173, 262\u2013267 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"87824_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"G Caruana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caruana, G. et al. Diagnostic strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and interpretation of microbiological results. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1, 1 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"87824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","volume":"113","author":"C Schrader","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrader, C., Schielke, A., Ellerbroek, L. & Johne, R. PCR inhibitors\u2014occurrence, properties and removal. J. Appl. Microbiol. 113, 1014\u20131026 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87824-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87824-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87824-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T02:16:51Z","timestamp":1670033811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-87824-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["87824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-87824-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-121224\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8771"}}