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It is not known whether such techniques might be effective for movement disorders in children, nor is the mechanism and transmission of the peripheral stimuli to central brain structures understood. This study was designed to investigate the fidelity of transmission from peripheral nerves to thalamic nuclei in children with dystonia undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. The ventralis intermediate (VIM) thalamus nuclei showed a robust evoked response to peripheral high-frequency burst stimulation, with a greatest response magnitude to intra-burst frequencies between 50 and 100\u00a0Hz, and reliable but smaller responses up to 170\u00a0Hz. The earliest response occurred at 12\u201315\u00a0ms following stimulation onset, suggesting rapid high-fidelity transmission between peripheral nerve and thalamic nuclei. A high-bandwidth, low-latency transmission path from peripheral nerve to VIM thalamus is consistent with the importance of rapid and accurate sensory information for the control of coordination and movement via the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. Our results suggest the possibility of non-invasive modulation of thalamic activity in children with dystonia, and therefore the possibility that a subset of children could have beneficial clinical response without the need for invasive deep brain stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88114-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T10:04:56Z","timestamp":1618826696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High-fidelity transmission of high-frequency burst stimuli from peripheral nerve to thalamic nuclei in children with dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Hernandez-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Arguelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence D.","family":"Sanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"88114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92946-F","volume":"336","author":"J Bending","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bending, J. & Cleeves, L. 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T.D.S serves as a paid consultant and owns stock in CALA HEALTH Inc., a company that develops and manufactures noninvasive electrical stimulation devices for treatment of movement disorders in adults.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8498"}}