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The globus pallidus interna (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are accepted targets for this treatment. We compared 12-month outcomes for patients who had undergone bilateral stimulation of the GPi or STN. Forty-two Asian patients with primary Meige syndrome who underwent GPi or STN neurostimulation were recruited between September 2017 and September 2019 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital. The primary outcome was the change in motor function, including the Burke\u2013Fahn\u2013Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement (BFMDRS-M) and disability subscale (BFMDRS-D) at 3\u00a0days before DBS (baseline) surgery and 1, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life, sleep quality status, depression severity, and anxiety severity at 3\u00a0days before and 12\u00a0months after DBS surgery. Adverse events during the 12\u00a0months were also recorded. Changes in BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months with DBS and without medication did not significantly differ based on the stimulation target. There were also no significant differences in the changes in health-related quality of life (36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey) and sleep quality status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at 12\u00a0months. However, there were larger improvements in the STN than the GPi group in mean score changes on the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (\u2212\u20093.38 vs. \u2212\u20090.33 points;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014) and 14-item Hamilton anxiety rating scale (\u2212\u20093.43 vs. \u2212\u20090.19 points;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There were no significant between-group differences in the frequency or type of serious adverse events. Patients with Meige syndrome had similar improvements in motor function, quality of life and sleep after either pallidal or subthalamic stimulation. Depression and anxiety factors may reasonably be included during the selection of DBS targets for Meige syndrome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88384-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T06:10:11Z","timestamp":1619071811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for meige syndrome: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"88384_CR1","unstructured":"Jahngir, M. 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