{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:41:14Z","timestamp":1789076474808,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some craniofacial diseases or anatomical variations are found in radiographic images taken for other purposes. These incidental findings (IFs) can be detected in orthodontic patients, as various radiographs are required for orthodontic diagnosis. The radiographic data of 1020-orthodontic patients were interpreted to evaluate the rates of IFs in three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT) with a large field of view (FOV) and investigate the effectiveness and accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) radiographs for detecting IFs compared to CBCT. Prevalence and accuracy in five areas was measured for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The accuracies of various 2D-radiograph were compared through a proportion test. A total of 709-cases (69.5%) of 1020-subjects showed one or more IFs in CBCT images. Nasal cavity was the most affected area. Based on the CBCT images as a gold standard, different accuracies of various 2D-radiographs were observed in each area of the findings. The highest accuracy was confirmed in soft tissue calcifications with comprehensive radiographs. For detecting nasal septum deviations, postero-anterior cephalograms were the most accurate 2D radiograph. In cases the IFs were not determined because of its ambiguity in 2D radiographs, considering them as an absence of findings increased the accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88795-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T06:05:37Z","timestamp":1619676337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effectiveness of 2D radiographs in detecting CBCT-based incidental findings in orthodontic patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Hee","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Won","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Goo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ah","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"88795_CR1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"WR Proffit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W., Sarver, D. M. & Ackerman, J. L. Contemporary Orthodontics 5th edn, 161\u2013204 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013).","edition":"5"},{"key":"88795_CR2","volume-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to 3-D Imaging","author":"A Jacobson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson, A. & Jacobson, R. L. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to 3-D Imaging 2nd edn. (Quintessence Publishing, Batavia, 2006).","edition":"2"},{"key":"88795_CR3","first-page":"45","volume":"1","author":"BH Broadbent","year":"1931","unstructured":"Broadbent, B. H. A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod. 1, 45\u201366 (1931).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(48)90015-3","volume":"34","author":"WB Downs","year":"1948","unstructured":"Downs, W. B. Variations in facial relationships: Their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am. J. Orthod. 34, 812\u2013840 (1948).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140282","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140282","volume":"44","author":"SD Kapila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kapila, S. D. & Nervina, J. M. CBCT in orthodontics: Assessment of treatment outcomes and indications for its use. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol 44, 20140282 (2015).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol"},{"key":"88795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2015.45.4.153","volume":"45","author":"HS Ryu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ryu, H. S., An, K. Y. & Kang, K. H. Cone-beam computed tomography based evaluation of rotational patterns of dentofacial structures in skeletal Class III deformity with mandibular asymmetry. Korean J. Orthod. 45, 153\u2013163 (2015).","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.2.090-095.oar","volume":"19","author":"AC Ruellas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruellas, A. C. et al. Reliability of CBCT in the diagnosis of dental asymmetry. Dental Press J. Orthod. 19, 90\u201395 (2014).","journal-title":"Dental Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.11.018","volume":"147","author":"A Algerban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Algerban, A., Jacobs, R., Fieuws, S. & Willems, G. Radiographic predictors for maxillary canine impaction. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 147, 345\u2013354 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"88795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.132911","volume":"3","author":"A Algerban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Algerban, A. et al. The effect of using CBCT in the diagnosis of canine impaction and its impact on the orthodontic treatment outcome. J. Orthod. Sci. 3, 34\u201340 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Orthod. Sci."},{"key":"88795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0135-z","volume":"17","author":"N Hoang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoang, N., Nelson, G., Hatcher, D. & Oberoi, S. Evaluation of mandibular anterior alveolus in different skeletal patterns. Prog. Orthod. 17, 22 (2016).","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy058","volume":"41","author":"JN Zimmerman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zimmerman, J. N., Vora, S. R. & Pliska, B. T. Reliablitiy of upper airway assessment using CBCT. Eur. J. Orthod. 41, 101\u2013108 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1465312520924238","volume":"46","author":"O Hameed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hameed, O., Gwilliam, J. & Whaites, E. Odontogenic keratocyst: An incidental finding during an orthodontic examination. J. Orthod. 46, 245\u2013250 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2017.47.3.175","volume":"47","author":"S Mutalik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mutalik, S. & Tadinada, A. Prevalence of pineal gland calcification as an incidental findings in patients referred for implant dental therapy. Imaging Sci. Dent. 47, 175\u2013180 (2017).","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"88795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0095","volume":"144","author":"R Edwards","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edwards, R., Altalibi, M. & Flores-Mir, C. The frequency and nature of incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomographic scans of the head and neck region: A systematic review. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 144, 161\u2013170 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"88795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-017-0075-5","volume":"3","author":"M Dau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dau, M. et al. Evaluation of symptomatic maxillary sinus pathologies using panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography-influence of professional training. Int. J. Implant Dent. 3, 13 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"88795_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002830","volume":"28","author":"L Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, L., Wu, H., Lu, J. & Teng, L. Prevalence of different forms and involved bones of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. J. Craniofac. Surg. 28, 21\u201325 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"88795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e467","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003771","volume":"28","author":"A Kalantar-Hormozi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalantar-Hormozi, A., Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, A., Goravanchi, F. & Davai, N. R. Prevalence of rare craniofacial clefts. J. Craniofac. Surg. 28, e467\u2013e470 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"88795_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180396","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180396","volume":"48","author":"S Dief","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dief, S., Veitz-Keenan, A., Amintavakoli, N. & McGowan, R. A systematic review on incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 48, 20180396 (2019).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.01.033","volume":"43","author":"DG Oser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oser, D. G., Henson, B. R., Shiang, E. Y., Finkelman, M. D. & Amato, R. B. Incidental findings in small field of view cone-beam computed tomography scans. J. Endod. 43, 901\u2013904 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"88795_CR20","first-page":"98","volume":"76","author":"L Bondemark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bondemark, L., Jeppsson, M., Lindh-Ingildsen, L. & Rangne, K. Incidental findings of pathology and abnormality in pretreatment orthodontic panoramic radiographs. Angle Orthod 76, 98\u2013102 (2006).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"88795_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.4","volume":"123","author":"AJ Kuhlberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuhlberg, A. J. & Norton, L. A. Pathologic findings in orthodontic radiographic images. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop. 123, 182\u2013184 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"88795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr035","volume":"34","author":"CM Granlund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Granlund, C. M. et al. Frequency of errors and pathology in panoramic images of young orthodontic patients. Eur. J. Orthod. 34, 452\u2013457 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-017-0283-y","volume":"34","author":"H Avsever","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avsever, H., Gunduz, K., Karakoc, O., Akyol, M. & Orhan, K. Incidental findings on cone-beam computed tomographic images: Paranasal sinus findings and nasal septum variations. Oral Radiol. 34, 40\u201348 (2018).","journal-title":"Oral Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1067","volume":"38","author":"OG Dell\u2019Aversana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Aversana, O. G. et al. Effectiveness of endoscopic septoplasty in different types of nasal septal deformities: Our experience with NOSE evaluation. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 38, 323\u2013330 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"88795_CR25","volume-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Altman, D. G. Practical Statistics for Medical Research (Chapman and Hall, 1991)."},{"key":"88795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33, 159\u2013174 (1977).","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"88795_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.08.041","volume":"132","author":"JY Cha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cha, J. Y., Mah, J. & Sinclair, P. Incidental findings in the maxillofacial area with 3-dimensional cone-beam imaging. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 132, 7\u201314 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"88795_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160215","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160215","volume":"46","author":"IA Lopes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopes, I. A., Tucunduva, R. M., Handem, R. H. & Capelozza, A. L. Study of the frequency and location of incidental findings of the maxillofacial region in different fields of view in CBCT scans. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 46, 20160215 (2017).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-S1-S2","volume":"7","author":"JS Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, J. S. et al. Clinical guidelines for the management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 7, S2 (2012).","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"88795_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2010.08.007","volume":"17","author":"AD Molen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Molen, A. D. Comparing cone beam computed tomography systems from an orthodontic perspective. Semin. Orthod. 17, 34\u201338 (2011).","journal-title":"Semin. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2319\/082907-399.1","volume":"78","author":"V Kumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Ludlow, J., Soares Cevidanes, L. H. & Mol, A. In vivo comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms. Angle Orthod. 78, 873\u2013879 (2008).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR32","first-page":"595","volume":"27","author":"GA Pette","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pette, G. A. et al. Incidental findings from a retrospective study of 318 cone beam computed tomography consultation reports. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 27, 595\u2013603 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"88795_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871532","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/871532","volume":"2012","author":"V Allareddy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allareddy, V. et al. Incidental findings on cone beam computed tompography images. Int. J. Dent. 2012, 871532 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"88795_CR34","first-page":"21","volume":"9","author":"S Warhekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Warhekar, S. et al. Incidental findings on cone beam computed tompogarphy and reasons for referral by dental practitioners in indore city (m.p). J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 9, 21\u201324 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"88795_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02299.x","volume":"23","author":"JB Price","year":"2012","unstructured":"Price, J. B., Thaw, K. L., Tyndall, D. A., Ludlow, J. B. & Padilla, R. J. Incidental findings from cone beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region: A descriptive retrospective study. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 23, 1261\u20131268 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"88795_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12389","volume":"68","author":"G Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, G., Plaza, S. P., Cifuentes, D., Villalobos, L. M. & Ruiz, L. M. Incidental findings in pre-orthodontic treatment radiographs. Int. Dent. J.. 68, 320\u2013326 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J.."},{"key":"88795_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.10.005","volume":"127","author":"S Constantine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constantine, S., Clark, B., Kiermeier, A. & Anderson P. P. Panoramic radiography is of limited value in the evaluation of maxillary sinus disease. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Pathol. Oral Radiol. 127, 237\u2013246 (2019).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy066","volume":"41","author":"A De Grauwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Grauwe, A. et al. CBCT in orthodontics: A systematic review on justification of CBCT in a paediatric population prior to orthodontic treatment. Eur. J. Orthod. 41, 381\u2013389 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"88795_CR39","unstructured":"European Commision. Radiation Protection No 172 Cone Beam CT for Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology (Evidence based guidelines) (2012)."},{"key":"88795_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-015-0002-4","volume":"77","author":"L Signorelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Signorelli, L., Patcas, R., Peltomaki, T. & Schatzle, M. Radiation dose of cone-beam computed tomography compared to conventional radiographs in orthodontics. J. Orofac. Orthop. 77, 9\u201315 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"88795_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3439-8","volume":"25","author":"JP Dillenseger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dillenseger, J. P. et al. MSCT versus CBCT: Evaluation of high-resolution acquisition modes for dento-maxillary and skull-base imaging. Eur. Radiol. 25, 505\u2013515 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR42","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques","author":"L Graber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graber, L., Vanarsdall, R. & Vig, K. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques 5th edn, 128\u2013135 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012).","edition":"5"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"88795_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0184-4","volume":"36","author":"KJ Strauss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strauss, K. J. & Kaste, S. C. The ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) concept in pediatric interventional and fluoroscopic imaging: striving to keep radiation doses as low as possible during fluoroscopy of pediatric patients: A white paper executive summary. Pediatr. Radiol. 36(Suppl 2), 110\u2013112 (2006).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1954-6","volume":"41","author":"JA Seibert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seibert, J. A. & Morin, R. L. The standardized exposure index for digital radiography: An opportunity for optimization of radiation dose to the pediatric population. Pediatr. Radiol. 41, 573\u2013581 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"88795_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2561-4","volume":"23","author":"MW da Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Silva, M. W. et al. Factors influencing the effective dose associated with CBCT: A systematic review. Clin. Oral Investig. 23, 1319\u20131330 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"88795_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14121","volume":"47","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. CBCT-based synthetic CT generation using deep-attention cycleGAN for pancreatic adaptive radiotherapy. Med. Phys. 47, 2472\u20132483 (2020).","journal-title":"Med. Phys."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-88795-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-88795-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-88795-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1670035211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-88795-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["88795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88795-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-118011\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9280"}}