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Many studies have reported that vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with vascular stiffening. This association may differ depending on sex and body mass index (BMI). This study investigated the associations between vitamin D and PP and evaluated whether these associations differ according to sex and BMI, using data for individuals aged \u2265\u200950\u00a0years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007\u20132010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as biomarkers of vitamin D levels. High PP was defined as \u2265\u200960\u00a0mmHg. Total 25(OH)D concentrations were dose-dependently associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for high PP (<jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>trend\u2009=\u20090.01), after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. When stratified by sex, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (<jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in females, but not in males. When stratified by BMI, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (<jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in non-overweight subjects, but not in overweight subjects. Improving the vitamin D status could delay elevation of PP and vascular stiffening in female and non-overweight subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88855-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T10:09:20Z","timestamp":1620727760000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex and body mass index dependent associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulse pressure in middle-aged and older US adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jung Hyun","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Hyeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"88855_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"289","author":"CD Fryar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fryar, C. 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