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The PODE<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> were blended with diesel fuel at three different ratios (volume fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%). The test results showed that the PODE<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> could optimize the combustion process of diesel engines that met the China VI emission standards, effectively improve the thermal efficiencies of diesel engines, and reduce the emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and soot. With an increase in the PODE<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> blending ratio, the peak values of the in-cylinder pressure, average in-cylinder temperature, and instantaneous heat release rate gradually decreased, and each peak progressively moved forward. As the start of combustion gradually moved forward, the combustion duration was shortened by 0.7\u20132.8\u00b0CA, the heat release process became more concentrated, and the effective thermal efficiency was increased by up to 2.57%. The effective fuel consumption gradually increased, yet the equivalent effective fuel consumption gradually decreased, with the largest drop being as high as 4.55%. The nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:sub><jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) emission increased slightly, and the emissions of HC, CO, and soot gradually decreased. The emissions of CO and soot declined significantly under high-speed and high-load conditions, with the highest reductions reaching 66.2% and 76.3%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89057-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1620122672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Experimental study on the effects of blending PODEn on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel engines meeting China VI emission standard"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"E","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlin","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"89057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.01.053","volume":"184","author":"JB Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, J. 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