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However, the negative impact of fungicides on composition and functions of soil microbiota, plants and via food chain, on human health is a matter of grave concern. Considering such agrochemical threats, the present study was undertaken to know that how fungicide-tolerant symbiotic bacterium,\n                    <jats:italic>Mesorhizobium ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    affects the\n                    <jats:italic>Cicer arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    crop while growing in kitazin (KITZ) stressed soils under greenhouse conditions. Both in vitro and soil systems, KITZ imparted deleterious impacts on\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a function of dose. The three-time more of normal rate of KITZ dose detrimentally but maximally reduced the germination efficiency, vigor index, dry matter production, symbiotic features, leaf pigments and seed attributes of\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . KITZ-induced morphological alterations in root tips, oxidative damage and cell death in root cells of\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were visible under scanning electron microscope (SEM).\n                    <jats:italic>M. ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    tolerated up to 2400 \u00b5g\u00a0mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of KITZ, synthesized considerable amounts of bioactive molecules including indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophores, exopolysaccharides (EPS), hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and solubilised inorganic phosphate even in fungicide-stressed media. Following application to soil,\n                    <jats:italic>M. ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    improved performance of\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and enhanced dry biomass production, yield, symbiosis and leaf pigments even in a fungicide-polluted environment. At 96\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0KITZ\u00a0kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    soil,\n                    <jats:italic>M. ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    maximally and significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05) augmented the length of plants by 41%, total dry matter by 18%, carotenoid content by 9%, LHb content by 21%, root N by 9%, shoot P by 11% and pod yield by 15% over control plants. Additionally, the nodule bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>M. ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    efficiently colonized the plant rhizosphere\/rhizoplane and considerably decreased the levels of stressor molecules (proline and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defence enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidise (APX), guaiacol peroxidise (GPX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidises (POD) of\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants when inoculated in soil. The symbiotic strain effectively colonized the plant rhizosphere\/rhizoplane. Conclusively, the ability to endure higher fungicide concentrations, capacity to secrete plant growth modulators even under fungicide pressure, and inherent features to lower the level of proline and plant defence enzymes makes this\n                    <jats:italic>M. ciceri<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a superb choice for augmenting the safe production of\n                    <jats:italic>C. arietinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    even under fungicide-contaminated soils.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89103-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T06:06:43Z","timestamp":1620281203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Mesorhizobium ciceri as biological tool for improving physiological, biochemical and antioxidant state of Cicer aritienum (L.) under fungicide stress"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Saghir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najat","family":"Marraiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah M.","family":"Elgorban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"89103_CR1","first-page":"15","volume":"1","author":"M Shahid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahid, M., Khan, M. 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