{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:18:56Z","timestamp":1790857136919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mortality rates of COVID-19 vary across the globe. While some risk factors for poor prognosis of the disease are known, regional differences are suspected. We reviewed the risk factors for critical outcomes of COVID-19 according to the location of the infected patients, from various literature databases from January 1 through June 8, 2020. Candidate variables to predict the outcome included patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, symptoms, and laboratory findings. The risk factors in the overall population included sex, age, and all inspected underlying medical conditions. Symptoms of dyspnea, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, and certain laboratory findings were also indicators of the critical outcome. Underlying respiratory disease was associated higher risk of the critical outcome in studies from Asia and Europe, but not North America. Underlying hepatic disease was associated with a higher risk of the critical outcome from Europe, but not from Asia and North America. Symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, and fatigue were significantly associated with the critical outcome in studies from Asia, but not from Europe and North America. Hemoglobin and platelet count affected patients differently in Asia compared to those in Europe and North America. Such regional discrepancies should be considered when treating patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89182-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T10:12:23Z","timestamp":1620382343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of regional risk factors for critical outcomes of COVID-19 during early phase of the pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hyung-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeontaek","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsook","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Joon","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"89182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet 395, 1054\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3 (2020).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"89182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","volume":"382","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan, W. J. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1708\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","volume":"324","author":"WJ Wiersinga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J. & Prescott, H. C. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA 324, 782\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12839 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"89182_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, https:\/\/covid19.who.int (2020)."},{"key":"89182_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2006141","volume":"382","author":"ML Ranney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ranney, M. L., Griffeth, V. & Jha, A. K. Critical supply shortages: the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, e41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2006141 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.018","volume":"81","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Yao, W., Wang, Y., Long, C. & Fu, X. Wuhan and Hubei COVID-19 mortality analysis reveals the critical role of timely supply of medical resources. J. Infect. 81, 147\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.018 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061641","volume":"9","author":"E Shim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shim, E., Mizumoto, K., Choi, W. & Chowell, G. Estimating the risk of COVID-19 death during the course of the outbreak in Korea, February\u2013May 2020. J. Clin. Med. 9, 1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9061641 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8923","volume":"368","author":"BS Graham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graham, B. S. Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development. Science 368, 945\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb8923 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"89182_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021","volume":"81","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, Z. et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J. Infect. 81, e16\u2013e25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26050","author":"W Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian, W. et al. Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26050 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Z. & McGoogan, J. M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 323, 1239\u20131242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2648 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"89182_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","volume":"75","author":"J McGowan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGowan, J. et al. PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 75, 40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"89182_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G. & Group, P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 6, e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"89182_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","volume":"283","author":"DF Stroup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stroup, D. F. et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 283, 2008\u20132012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008 (2000).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"89182_CR15","unstructured":"Higgins, J. et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane. (2020)."},{"key":"89182_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian, R. & Laird, N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin. Trials 7, 177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2 (1986).","journal-title":"Control Clin. Trials"},{"key":"89182_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00010","volume":"144","author":"JA Hayden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hayden, J. A., Cote, P. & Bombardier, C. Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews. Ann. Intern. Med. 144, 427\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00010 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Davey-Smith, G., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315, 629\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629 (1997).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"89182_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2020-0046","volume":"7","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aggarwal, S. et al. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States. Diagnosis (Berlin) 7, 91\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2020-0046 (2020).","journal-title":"Diagnosis (Berlin)"},{"key":"89182_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104899","volume":"158","author":"S Antinori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antinori, S. et al. Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients: clinical outcome and differences in post-treatment hospitalisation status. Pharmacol. Res. 158, 104899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104899 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"89182_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1996","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1996","volume":"369","author":"MG Argenziano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Argenziano, M. G. et al. Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series. BMJ 369, m1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1996 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"89182_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0459","volume":"58","author":"G Bonetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonetti, G. et al. Laboratory predictors of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the area of Valcamonica, Italy. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 58, 1100\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2020-0459 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.021","volume":"96","author":"A Borghesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borghesi, A. et al. Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: a study of 302 patients from Italy. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 96, 291\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.021 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa632","author":"FS Buckner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buckner, F. S. et al. Clinical features and outcomes of 105 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle Washington. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa632 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.05.021","volume":"76","author":"C Campochiaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campochiaro, C. et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 76, 43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.05.021 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200225-00123","volume":"48","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Analysis of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 48, 567\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200225-00123 (2020).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"89182_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa449","volume":"71","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Detectable serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load (RNAemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 level in critically Ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin. Infect. Dis. 71, 1937\u20131942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa449 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E86","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201433","volume":"296","author":"D Colombi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colombi, D. et al. Well-aerated lung on admitting chest CT to predict adverse outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiology 296, E86\u2013E96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201433 (2020).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"89182_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16096","volume":"20","author":"M Crespo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crespo, M. et al. COVID-19 in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Am. J. Transplant. 20, 2883\u20132889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.16096 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"89182_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)31030-8","volume":"395","author":"FJ de Abajo","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Abajo, F. J. et al. Use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study. The Lancet 395, 1705\u20131714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)31030-8 (2020).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"89182_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.03.087","volume":"311","author":"Q Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, Q. et al. Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Cardiol. 311, 116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.03.087 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"89182_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","volume":"369","author":"AB Docherty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Docherty, A. B. et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ 369, m1985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1985 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"89182_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00524-2020","author":"RH Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du, R. H. et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Eur. Respir. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00524-2020 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"89182_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0445OC","volume":"201","author":"Y Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng, Y. et al. COVID-19 with different severities: a multicenter study of clinical features. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 201, 1380\u20131388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202002-0445OC (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"89182_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201776","volume":"26","author":"J Ferguson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferguson, J. et al. Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease patients under nonsurge conditions, Northern California, USA, March\u2013April 2020. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 26, 1679\u20131685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.201776 (2020).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104931","volume":"158","author":"A Giacomelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giacomelli, A. et al. 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study. Pharmacol. Res. 158, 104931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104931 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"89182_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.031","volume":"98","author":"M Goicoechea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goicoechea, M. et al. COVID-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 hemodialysis patients in Spain. Kidney Int. 98, 27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.031 (2020).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"89182_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.03.04","volume":"40","author":"F Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo, F. et al. Correlation between clinical classification of COVID-19 and imaging characteristics of MSCT volume scanning of the lungs. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 40, 321\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.03.04 (2020).","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"89182_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0836-7","volume":"34","author":"W He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, W. et al. COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers. Leukemia 34, 1637\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-020-0836-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"89182_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.5.431","volume":"61","author":"KS Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong, K. S. et al. Clinical features and outcomes of 98 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Daegu, South Korea: a brief descriptive study. Yonsei Med. J. 61, 431\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.5.431 (2020).","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"89182_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 395, 497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 (2020).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"89182_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26003","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID-19 independent of age and co-morbidity. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26003 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa631","author":"JT Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J. T. et al. Chronological changes of viral shedding in adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa631 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.20.0301","author":"H Ihle-Hansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ihle-Hansen, H. et al. COVID-19: symptoms, course of illness and use of clinical scoring systems for the first 42 patients admitted to a Norwegian local hospital. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4045\/tidsskr.20.0301 (2020).","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"89182_CR45","first-page":"A05200313","volume":"67","author":"SB Israelsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Israelsen, S. B. et al. Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at Hvidovre Hospital, March\u2013April 2020. Dan Med J 67, A05200313 (2020).","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"89182_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0013","volume":"58","author":"M Javanian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javanian, M. et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom. J. Intern. Med. 58, 161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rjim-2020-0013 (2020).","journal-title":"Rom. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000977","volume":"148","author":"M Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji, M. et al. Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Epidemiol. Infect. 148, e94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268820000977 (2020).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22859","volume":"28","author":"M Kalligeros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalligeros, M. et al. Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Obesity (Silver Spring) 28, 1200\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22859 (2020).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"89182_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22913","volume":"28","author":"E Klang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klang, E. et al. Severe obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized patients younger than 50. Obesity (Silver Spring) 28, 1595\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22913 (2020).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"89182_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.17.2000556","author":"F Lagi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lagi, F. et al. Early experience of an infectious and tropical diseases unit during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Florence, Italy, February to March 2020. Euro Surveill. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.17.2000556 (2020).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"89182_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31173-9","volume":"395","author":"LY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, L. Y. et al. COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet 395, 1919\u20131926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31173-9 (2020).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"89182_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2020-0254","volume":"14","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Plasma albumin levels predict risk for nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Biomark. Med. 14, 827\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/bmm-2020-0254 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1624","volume":"5","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J., Wang, X., Chen, J., Zhang, H. & Deng, A. Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 5, 825\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1624 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"89182_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46569","volume":"10","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Association of clinical and radiographic findings with the outcomes of 93 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Theranostics 10, 6113\u20136121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.46569 (2020).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"89182_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa641","author":"X Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo, X. et al. Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa641 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.007","volume":"22","author":"Z Lv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lv, Z. et al. Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Microbes Infect. 22, 195\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.007 (2020).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.15361","volume":"130","author":"B Nowak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nowak, B. et al. Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective single-center experience of a designated hospital in Poland. Pol. Arch. Intern. Med. 130, 407\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20452\/pamw.15361 (2020).","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.103179","author":"V Omrani-Nava","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omrani-Nava, V. et al. Evaluation of hepatic enzymes changes and association with prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Hepat. Mon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/hepatmon.103179 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepat. Mon."},{"key":"89182_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.46614","volume":"17","author":"F Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan, F. et al. Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a case-control study. Int. J. Med. Sci. 17, 1281\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.46614 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"89182_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620","volume":"115","author":"L Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan, L. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients With digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115, 766\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89182_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020030276","volume":"31","author":"G Pei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pei, G. et al. Renal involvement and early prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 31, 1157\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020030276 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"89182_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200220-00105","volume":"48","author":"YD Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng, Y. D. et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 48, 450\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200220-00105 (2020).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"89182_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15941","volume":"20","author":"MR Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira, M. R. et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the US epicenter. Am. J. Transplant. 20, 1800\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.15941 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"89182_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1966","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966","volume":"369","author":"CM Petrilli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrilli, C. M. et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 369, m1966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1966 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"89182_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001562","volume":"54","author":"G Renieris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Renieris, G. et al. Serum hydrogen sulfide and outcome association in pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Shock 54, 633\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001562 (2020).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"89182_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-020-02381-z","volume":"22","author":"J Rogado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogado, J. et al. Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid. Clin. Transl. Oncol. 22, 2364\u20132368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-020-02381-z (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"89182_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104965","volume":"159","author":"V Russo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Russo, V. et al. Clinical impact of pre-admission antithrombotic therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter observational study. Pharmacol. Res. 159, 104965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104965 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"89182_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.15422","volume":"130","author":"A Sabri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabri, A. et al. Novel coronavirus disease 2019: predicting prognosis with a computed tomography-based disease severity score and clinical laboratory data. Pol. Arch. Intern. Med. 130, 629\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20452\/pamw.15422 (2020).","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0598","volume":"43","author":"Q Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, Q. et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: a two-center, retrospective study. Diabetes Care 43, 1382\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc20-0598 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"89182_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa408","volume":"41","author":"S Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, S. et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Eur. Heart J. 41, 2070\u20132079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa408 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"89182_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-020-09730-0","volume":"23","author":"DM Smadja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smadja, D. M. et al. Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients. Angiogenesis 23, 611\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10456-020-09730-0 (2020).","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"89182_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-0369","volume":"16","author":"EM Stroppa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stroppa, E. M. et al. Coronavirus disease-2019 in cancer patients. A report of the first 25 cancer patients in a western country (Italy). Future Oncol. 16, 1425\u20131432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fon-2020-0369 (2020).","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"89182_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2012270","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.12270","volume":"3","author":"G Suleyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suleyman, G. et al. Clinical characteristics and morbidity associated with coronavirus disease 2019 in a series of patients in metropolitan detroit. JAMA Netw. Open 3, e2012270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.12270 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"89182_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16533","volume":"68","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. Risk factors for mortality in 244 older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 68, E19\u2013E23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16533 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"89182_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.024","volume":"507","author":"S Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, S. et al. Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China. Clin. Chim. Acta 507, 174\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.024 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"89182_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.063","author":"S Sze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sze, S. et al. Letter to the Editor: variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19. J. Infect. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.063 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_522_20","volume":"64","author":"MP Tambe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tambe, M. P. et al. An epidemiological study of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Pune, Maharashtra. Indian J. Public Health 64, S183\u2013S187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_522_20 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"89182_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14817","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, N. et al. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J. Thromb. Haemost. 18, 1094\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.14817 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"89182_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108486","volume":"217","author":"JM Urra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Urra, J. M., Cabrera, C. M., Porras, L. & Rodenas, I. Selective CD8 cell reduction by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a worse prognosis and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Clin. Immunol. 217, 108486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108486 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"89182_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020040470","volume":"31","author":"AM Valeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valeri, A. M. et al. Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 31, 1409\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020040470 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"89182_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323, 1061\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"89182_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02895-6","volume":"24","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China. Crit. Care 24, 188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-02895-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"89182_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2020-0108","volume":"26","author":"F Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, F. et al. Clinical characteristics of 28 patients with diabetes and Covid-19 in Wuhan, China. Endocr. Pract. 26, 668\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP-2020-0108 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"89182_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa538","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa538 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.070","volume":"95","author":"R Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, R. et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 95, 421\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.070 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.04.008","volume":"14","author":"X Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei, X. et al. Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19. J. Clin. Lipidol. 14, 297\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.04.008 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"89182_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.012","volume":"81","author":"B Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, B. et al. Suppressed T cell-mediated immunity in patients with COVID-19: a clinical retrospective study in Wuhan, China. J. Infect. 81, e51\u2013e60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.012 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26061","author":"X Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan, X. et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26061 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104475","volume":"129","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, L. et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 200 hospitalized patients with corona virus disease 2019 outside Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. J. Clin. Virol. 129, 104475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104475 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.15312","volume":"130","author":"Q Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao, Q. et al. A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients. Pol. Arch. Intern. Med. 130, 390\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20452\/pamw.15312 (2020).","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230548","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230548","volume":"15","author":"M Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan, M., Yin, W., Tao, Z., Tan, W. & Hu, Y. Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. PLoS ONE 15, e0230548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0230548 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"89182_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26039","author":"F Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, F. et al. Obesity predisposes to the risk of higher mortality in young COVID-19 patients. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26039 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01338-8","volume":"21","author":"G Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, G. et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis. Respir. Res. 21, 74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-020-01338-8 (2020).","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"89182_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316909","volume":"106","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Do underlying cardiovascular diseases have any impact on hospitalised patients with COVID-19?. Heart 106, 1148\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316909 (2020).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"89182_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.012","volume":"26","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 26, 767\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.012 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104392","volume":"127","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Yu, M., Tong, S., Liu, L. Y. & Tang, L. V. Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. J. Clin. Virol. 127, 104392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104392 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"89182_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2355-0","volume":"583","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Nature 583, 437\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2355-0 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"89182_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-020-00208-z","author":"X Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients-indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13167-020-00208-z (2020).","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"89182_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238215","volume":"15","author":"P Ssentongo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ssentongo, P., Ssentongo, A. E., Heilbrunn, E. S., Ba, D. M. & Chinchilli, V. M. Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 15, e0238215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238215 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"89182_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.018","volume":"14","author":"I Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, I., Lim, M. A. & Pranata, R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 14, 395\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.018 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"89182_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949","volume":"29","author":"R Pranata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pranata, R., Huang, I., Lim, M. A., Wahjoepramono, E. J. & July, J. Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19-systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 29, 104949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01390-7","volume":"65","author":"V Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain, V. & Yuan, J. M. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Public Health 65, 533\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-020-01390-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"89182_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026882000179X","volume":"148","author":"M Ou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ou, M. et al. Risk factors of severe cases with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol. Infect. 148, e175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095026882000179X (2020).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa924","author":"K Kragholm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kragholm, K. et al. Association between male sex and outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): a Danish nationwide, register-based study. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa924 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"89182_CR105","first-page":"71","volume":"34","author":"P Conti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conti, P. & Younes, A. Coronavirus COV-19\/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. J. Biol. Regul.. Homeost. Agents 34, 71 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul.. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"89182_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01653","volume":"9","author":"S Kadel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kadel, S. & Kovats, S. Sex Hormones regulate innate immune cells and promote sex differences in respiratory virus infection. Front. Immunol. 9, 1653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01653 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"89182_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377","volume":"58","author":"WS Lim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim, W. S. et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 58, 377\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377 (2003).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"89182_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402","volume":"336","author":"MJ Fine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fine, M. J. et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 243\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402 (1997).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001053","volume":"8","author":"MD Van Kerkhove","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Kerkhove, M. D. et al. Risk factors for severe outcomes following 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection: a global pooled analysis. PLoS Med. 8, e1001053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001053 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"89182_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","volume":"80","author":"L Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu, L. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Infect. 80, 656\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"89182_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30167-3","volume":"8","author":"DMG Halpin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halpin, D. M. G., Faner, R., Sibila, O., Badia, J. R. & Agusti, A. Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection?. Lancet Respir. Med. 8, 436\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30167-3 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"89182_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med.\u00a0384, 693\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436 (2020).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436"},{"key":"89182_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.043","volume":"150","author":"S Liangpunsakul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liangpunsakul, S., Haber, P. & McCaughan, G. W. Alcoholic liver disease in Asia, Europe, and North America. Gastroenterology 150, 1786\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.043 (2016).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"89182_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.96.1s1.2.x","volume":"96","author":"M Ramstedt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramstedt, M. Per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality in 14 European countries. Addiction 96, 19\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1360-0443.96.1s1.2.x (2001).","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"89182_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2015.01.001","volume":"51","author":"M Gili-Miner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gili-Miner, M. et al. Alcohol use disorders and community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: associated mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased hospital spending. Arch. Bronconeumol. 51, 564\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2015.01.001 (2015).","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"key":"89182_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.641","volume":"181","author":"DK Meyerholz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meyerholz, D. K. et al. Chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of murine influenza virus infections. J. Immunol. 181, 641\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.641 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"89182_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62037-5","volume":"377","author":"MM Finucane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finucane, M. M. et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9\u00b7 1 million participants. The Lancet 377, 557\u2013567 (2011).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"89182_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a3","volume":"69","author":"HE Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu, H. E. et al. Race\/ethnicity, underlying medical conditions, homelessness, and hospitalization status of adult patients with COVID-19 at an Urban Safety-Net Medical Center\u2014Boston, Massachusetts, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 69, 864\u2013869 (2020).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"89182_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019795","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19795","volume":"3","author":"R Kabarriti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kabarriti, R. et al. Association of race and ethnicity with comorbidities and survival among patients with COVID-19 at an Urban Medical Center in New York. JAMA Netw. Open 3, e2019795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19795 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"89182_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003379","volume":"17","author":"CT Rentsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rentsch, C. T. et al. Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med. 17, e1003379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003379 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"89182_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00921-5","author":"A Raharja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raharja, A., Tamara, A. & Kok, L. T. Association between ethnicity and severe COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-020-00921-5 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities"},{"key":"89182_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1286","volume":"5","author":"M Madjid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Madjid, M., Safavi-Naeini, P., Solomon, S. D. & Vardeny, O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 5, 831\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1286 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"89182_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.04.019","volume":"49","author":"AK Mishra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra, A. K., Sahu, K. K., George, A. A. & Lal, A. A review of cardiac manifestations and predictors of outcome in patients with COVID-19. Heart Lung 49, 848\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.04.019 (2020).","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"89182_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33213","author":"Y Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian, Y. et al. Cancer associates with risk and severe events of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Cancer https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33213 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"89182_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10074-6","volume":"14","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of abnormal liver biochemical tests in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol. Int. 14, 621\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-020-10074-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"89182_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10071-9","volume":"14","author":"MP Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, M. P. et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the liver: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol. Int.. 14, 711\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-020-10071-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int.."},{"key":"89182_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13850","volume":"99","author":"KK Sahu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahu, K. K., Lal, A. & Mishra, A. K. COVID-2019 and pregnancy: a plea for transparent reporting of all cases. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 99, 951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13850 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-89182-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-89182-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-89182-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T07:42:56Z","timestamp":1670053376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-89182-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["89182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-89182-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9784"}}