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Cooling reduces these symptoms but the optimal cooling temperature for a maximum benefit without adverse effects is unclear. 30 participants were cooled at 10\u00a0\u00b0C, 15\u00a0\u00b0C, 20\u00a0\u00b0C, 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 30\u00a0\u00b0C for 30\u00a0min. Before cooling and at 15, 30, 45 and 60\u00a0min after cooling, the skin blood flow, oxygen saturation (SO) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured by laser Doppler spectrophotometry at 2\u00a0mm and 8\u00a0mm depth. The skin temperature was measured, and the participant\u2019s satisfaction was marked on a visual analogue scale. There were significant differences between males and females in the blood flow, SO and Hb (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). After cooling, the blood flow, SO and Hb was reduced. The measured values rose slightly above the initial values 60\u00a0min after cooling. Depending on the cooling temperature the decrease in blood flow, SO and Hb was significantly different. Both sexes were most comfortable with a 25\u00a0\u00b0C cooling temperature and satisfaction decreased with lower temperatures. Significant differences for the satisfaction between both sexes were measured (10\u00a0\u00b0C:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, 15\u00a0\u00b0C:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, 20\u00a0\u00b0C:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0168, 25\u00a0\u00b0C:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0293). After 60\u00a0min, the males and females exhibited mild skin hyperthermia. The optimal cooling temperatures their physiological effects and their perception for females and males were different. For females, around 20\u00a0\u00b0C is an optimal cooling temperature. For males, it is around 15\u201320\u00a0\u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89313-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T06:12:23Z","timestamp":1620367943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the optimal cooling temperature for the face measured by the tissue perfusion during hilotherapy using laser Doppler spectrophotometry"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Heussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Herbstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan Christian","family":"M\u00f6hlhenrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Kniha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"H\u00f6lzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Modabber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"89313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(02)00168-3","volume":"31","author":"R Gassner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gassner, R., Tuli, T., Hachl, O., Rudisch, A. & Ulmer, H. 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