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It is unknown whether these methods generalize to clinical populations, such as delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder (DSWPD), where circadian timing is associated with functional outcomes. This study evaluated two methods for predicting dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in 154 DSWPD patients using\u2009~\u20097 days of sleep\u2013wake and light data: a dynamic model and a statistical model. The dynamic model has been validated in healthy individuals under both laboratory and field conditions. The statistical model was developed for this dataset and used a multiple linear regression of light exposure during phase delay\/advance portions of the phase response curve, as well as sleep timing and demographic variables. Both models performed comparably well in predicting DLMO. The dynamic model predicted DLMO with root mean square error of 68 min, with predictions accurate to within\u2009\u00b1\u20091 h in 58% of participants and\u2009\u00b1\u20092 h in 95%. The statistical model predicted DLMO with root mean square error of 57 min, with predictions accurate to within\u2009\u00b1\u20091 h in 75% of participants and\u2009\u00b1\u20092 h in 96%. We conclude that circadian phase prediction from light data is a viable technique for improving screening, diagnosis, and treatment of DSWPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89924-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1621936995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Light-based methods for predicting circadian phase in delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jade M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey L.","family":"Sletten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krutika","family":"Ambani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delwyn J.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Kennaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon C.","family":"Lack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R.","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Lockley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantha M. 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Dr Magee served as a Project Leader in the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. Dr Sletten reports her institution has received equipment donations or other support from Philips Lighting, Philips Respironics, Optalert and Compumedics. Dr Sletten serves as a Project Leader in the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. Dr Gordon serves as a Project Leader in the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. Dr Lovato reports no conflicts of interest. Dr Bartlett reports no conflicts of interest. Ms Ambani reports no conflicts of interest. Dr Kennaway reports no conflicts of interest. Dr Lack is shareholder in Re-Time Pty Ltd. Dr Grunstein serves as a consultant to, and is a Program Leader for, the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity. He has provided non-remunerated advice to Merck and has been a medico-legal expert witness for Queensland Health, NSW Nurses Federation, NSW Health and NSW Director of Public Prosecutions. Dr Lockley holds current consulting contracts with Delos Living LLC; Environmental Light Sciences LLC; Headwaters Inc.; Hintsa Performance AG; Pegasus Capital Advisors LP; PlanLED; Focal Point LLC; and Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering. In the past 5 years, he has received consulting fees from Carbon Limiting Technologies Ltd for work conducted with PhotonStar LED. He has also received consulting fees from Naturebright; Thomas Jefferson University; and minor consulting fees from 15 financial companies related to non-24-h sleep\u2013wake disorder in the blind and the publicly-available clinical trial results. He has received unrestricted equipment gifts from Biological Illuminations LLC; Bionetics Corporation; Philips Lighting; an unrestricted monetary gift to support research from Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; a fellowship gift from Optalert, Pty, Melbourne, Australia; and holds equity in iSLEEP, Pty, Melbourne, Australia. SWL receives royalties from Oxford University Press; and received honoraria for editing a textbook section from Elsevier and for drafting website text for the National Sleep Foundation; and for an article in the Wall Street Journal. Dr Lockley has received honoraria plus support for travel, accommodation or meals for invited seminars, conference presentations or teaching from American Society for Photobiology; Bassett Research Institute; Brookline Adult Education; Brown University; Emergency Social Services Association Conference; Estee Lauder; Harvard University (CME); MediCom Worldwide, Inc (CME); North East Sleep Society; and Portland General Electric. He has received support for travel, accommodation and\/or meals only (no honoraria) for invited seminars, conference presentations or teaching from 8th International Conference on Managing Fatigue; 14th Annual Tennessee Perfusion Conference; American Academy of Sleep Medicine; Bar Harbor Chamber of Commerce; Cantifix; Connecticut Business & Industry Association Health and Safety Conference; Emergency Services Steering Committee; Ferrari; Harvard University; Hintsa Performance AG; Illinois Coalition for Responsible Outdoor Lighting; Illuminating Engineering Society; Lighting Science Group Corp; Massachusetts General Hospital; Midwest Lighting Institute; National Research Council Canada; New England College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Ontario Association of Fire Chiefs; Rio Tinto; Sleep HealthCenters; University of Connecticut Health Center; UMass Memorial; University of Manchester; University of Texas Medical Branch; Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Warwick Medical School; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering (NASA). SWL has completed investigator-initiated research grants from Alcon Inc. and Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., and has ongoing investigator-initiated research grants from Biological Illumination LLC, Philips Lighting, and Philips Respironics Inc. He has completed service agreements with Rio Tinto Iron Ore and Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., and has completed three sponsor-initiated clinical research contracts with Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr Lockley holds a process patent for the use of short-wavelength light for resetting the human circadian pacemaker and improving alertness and performance which is assigned to the Brigham and Women's Hospital per Hospital policy. He has also received minor revenue from a patent on the use of short-wavelength light which is assigned to the University of Surrey. Dr. Lockley has served as a paid expert on behalf of seven public bodies and one union in arbitrations in relation to sleep, circadian rhythms and work hours. Dr Rajaratnam is a Program Leader for the CRC for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia, which funded this work. SMWR reports grants from Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Philips Respironics, Cephalon, Rio Tinto and Shell, and has received equipment support and consultancy fees through his institution from Optalert, Tyco Healthcare, Compumedics, Mental Health Professionals Network, and Teva Pharmaceuticals, which are not related to this paper. Dr Phillips is an investigator in projects for the CRC for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia, which funded this work, and he has received research funding from Versalux and Delos.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10878"}}