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Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. Agricultural waste can be considered a low-sulfate system with no obvious input of oxidised sulfur compounds. The purpose of this study was to characterise a microbial community participating in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production and estimate the microbial sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in manure slurry from a large-scale swine finishing facility in Western Siberia. In a series of manure slurry microcosms, we identified bacterial consortia by 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis and revealed that sulfate-reducing <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> were key players responsible for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production. The SRR measured with radioactive sulfate in manure slurry was high and comprised 7.25\u00a0nmol S cm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Gypsum may be used as a solid-phase electron acceptor for sulfate reduction. Another plausible source of sulfate is a swine diet, which often contains supplements in the form of sulfates, including lysine sulfate. Low-sulfur diet, manure treatment with iron salts, and avoiding gypsum bedding are possible ways to mitigate H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S emissions from swine manure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90256-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T10:02:50Z","timestamp":1621591370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Microbial sulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio is an important source of hydrogen sulfide from a large swine finishing facility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Karnachuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor I.","family":"Rusanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna A.","family":"Panova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Grigoriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viacheslav S.","family":"Zyusman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena A.","family":"Latygolets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksat K.","family":"Kadyrbaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugeny V.","family":"Gruzdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey V.","family":"Beletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey V.","family":"Mardanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai V.","family":"Pimenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai V.","family":"Ravin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"90256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10963-8","volume":"104","author":"AS Giwa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giwa, A. 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