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This study aimed to identify predictors of GP uropathogens in pediatric UTI. In this 14-year retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with UTI, we classified first-time UTIs cases into those caused by GP or Gram-negative (GN) bacteria. We constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to predict GP UTI. We evaluated model performance through calibration and discrimination plots. We developed a nomogram to predict GP UTI that is clinically feasible. Of 3783 children with first-time UTI, 166 (4.4%) were infected by GP and 3617 (95.6%) by GN bacteria. Among children with GP UTI, the most common uropathogens were vancomycin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VRE) (27.1%),\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (26.5%), and coagulase-negative\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12.7%). Eight independent risk factors were associated with GP UTI: Age \u2265\u200924 months (odds ratio [OR]: 3.21), no prior antibiotic use (OR: 3.13), serum white blood cell (WBC) count &lt;\u200914.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/\u03bcL (OR: 2.19), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) &lt;\u20093.4 mg\/dL (OR: 2.18), hemoglobin \u2265\u200911.3 g\/dL (OR: 1.90), negative urine leukocyte esterase (OR: 3.19), negative urine nitrite (OR: 4.13), and urine WBC &lt;\u2009420\/\u03bcL (OR: 2.37). The model exhibited good discrimination (C-statistic 0.879; 95% CI 0.845\u20130.913) and calibration performance. VR\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the leading GP uropathogen causing pediatric UTI, requires early detection for infection control. Our model for predicting GP UTI can help clinicians detect GP uropathogens and administer antibiotic regimen early.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90535-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T06:04:00Z","timestamp":1622009040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical characteristics and prediction analysis of pediatric urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yu-Lung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ni","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Chuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chi","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao-Pin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"90535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1625-8","volume":"25","author":"JD Spencer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spencer, J. 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