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C57BL\/6 adult male mice were fed a standard diet or a Western diet high in fat and fructose, supplemented or not with <jats:italic>B. uniformis<\/jats:italic> CECT 7771 for 14\u00a0weeks. <jats:italic>B. uniformis<\/jats:italic> CECT 7771 reduced body weight gain, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and leptin levels; and improved oral glucose tolerance in obese mice. Moreover, <jats:italic>B. uniformis<\/jats:italic> CECT 7771 modulated the gut microbiota and immune alterations associated with obesity, increasing Tregs and reducing B cells, total macrophages and the M1\/M2 ratio in both the gut and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of obese mice. <jats:italic>B. uniformis<\/jats:italic> CECT 7771 also increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the gut, EAT and peripheral blood, and protective cytokines TSLP and IL-33, involved in Treg induction and type 2 innate lymphoid cells activation, in the EAT. It also restored the obesity\u2013reduced TLR5 expression in the ileum and EAT. The findings indicate that the administration of a human intestinal bacterium with immunoregulatory properties on the intestinal mucosa helps reverse the immuno-metabolic dysfunction caused by a Western diet acting over the gut-adipose tissue axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90888-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1622715288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 alleviates inflammation within the gut-adipose tissue axis involving TLR5 signaling in obese mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Fabersani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Portune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"L\u00f3pez-Almela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Montserrat-de","family":"la Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Roman\u00ed-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Ben\u00edtez-P\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"90888_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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