{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:47:39Z","timestamp":1793054859483,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation and National Institutes of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010095","name":"Hauts-de-France region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ratif Hospitalo-Universitaire \u201c1000 days for Health\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alteration of programming of the intestinal wall maturation may be responsible for non-communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. It may originate from prenatal exposure of mothers to deleterious environmental factors such as pesticides or western diet. This work was undertaken to determine whether disturbances of the digestive tract function and of innate immunity of offspring at adulthood could be due to maternal exposure to a pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and a High Fat Diet (HFD) starting 4\u00a0months before gestation and lasting until weaning of offspring. Fifty-one male Wistar rats coming from 4 groups of dams exposed to CPF, HFD, both and control were followed from birth to 8\u00a0weeks of age. They were fed standard chow and received no treatment. The maternal pesticide exposure slows down fetal and postnatal weight gain without histological injuries of the gut mucosa. CPF or HFD both induced modifications of tight junctions and mucins genes expressions without inducing an increase in epithelial permeability or an inflammatory state. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not exacerbate the effects observed with each factor separately. Despite the lack of direct contact except through breast milk until weaning, CPF or HFD maternal exposure have demonstrated preliminary gut barrier impacts on offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90981-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T15:32:54Z","timestamp":1622561574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Programming of intestinal homeostasis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and\/or to a high fat diet"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Guibourdenche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba","family":"El Khayat El Sabbouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narimane","family":"Djekkoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafida","family":"Khorsi-Cauet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline M.","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Gay-Qu\u00e9heillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"90981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1633","volume":"80","author":"J P\u00e1cha","year":"2000","unstructured":"P\u00e1cha, J. Development of intestinal transport function in mammals. Physiol. Rev. 80, 1633\u20131667 (2000).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"90981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1997-9","volume":"72","author":"EN Elliott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elliott, E. N. & Kaestner, K. H. Epigenetic regulation of the intestinal epithelium. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 72, 4139\u20134156 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"90981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.02.006","volume":"39","author":"LL de Zwart","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Zwart, L. L. et al. Role of biokinetics in risk assessment of drugs and chemicals in children. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 39, 282\u2013309 (2004).","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"90981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G775","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00155.2012","volume":"303","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Camilleri, M., Lasch, K. & Zhou, W. Irritable bowel syndrome: Methods, mechanisms, and pathophysiology. The confluence of increased permeability, inflammation, and pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 303, G775\u2013G785 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"90981_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(66)90526-6","volume":"96","author":"SA Fish","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fish, S. A. Organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors and fetal development. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 96, 1148\u20131154 (1966).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"90981_CR6","first-page":"71","volume":"107","author":"TA Slotkin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Slotkin, T. A. Developmental cholinotoxicants: Nicotine and chlorpyrifos. Environ. Health Perspect. 107, 71\u201380 (1999).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"90981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8689","volume":"158","author":"DL Hunter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hunter, D. L., Lassiter, T. L. & Padilla, S. Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos: comparative distribution of trichloropyridinol in the fetus and dam. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 158, 16\u201323 (1999).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"90981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.31.521","volume":"31","author":"N Akhtar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akhtar, N., Srivastava, M. K. & Raizada, R. B. Transplacental disposition and teratogenic effects of chlorpyrifos in rats. J. Toxicol. Sci. 31, 521\u2013527 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"90981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2005.04.001","volume":"157","author":"TA Slotkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slotkin, T. A., Oliver, C. A. & Seidler, F. J. Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination. Dev. Brain Res. 157, 172\u2013180 (2005).","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"90981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12918","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12918","volume":"29","author":"W Darwiche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Darwiche, W. et al. Impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos on the contraction of rat ileal muscle strips: Involvement of an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent pathway. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 29, e12918 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"90981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000734","volume":"61","author":"C Joly Condette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joly Condette, C., Bach, V., Mayeur, C., Gay-Qu\u00e9heillard, J. & Khorsi-Cauet, H. Chlorpyrifos exposure during perinatal period affects intestinal microbiota associated with delay of maturation of digestive tract in rats. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 61, 30\u201340 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"90981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102217","volume":"9","author":"C Joly Condette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joly Condette, C. et al. Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation after chronic chlorpyrifos exposure in rats. PLoS\u00a0One 9, e102217 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"90981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00555-3","volume":"184","author":"TJ Cook","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cook, T. J. & Shenoy, S. S. Intestinal permeability of chlorpyrifos using the single-pass intestinal perfusion method in the rat. Toxicology 184, 125\u2013133 (2003).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"90981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2006.08.015","volume":"21","author":"V Tirelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tirelli, V. et al. Effects of the pesticide clorpyrifos on an in vitro model of intestinal barrier. Toxicol. In Vitro 21, 308\u2013313 (2007).","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"90981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025388901248","volume":"18","author":"DJP Barker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barker, D. J. P. The developmental origins of adult disease. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 18, 733\u2013736 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"90981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.11.003","volume":"54","author":"AJ Buckley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buckley, A. J. et al. Altered body composition and metabolism in the male offspring of high fat\u2013fed rats. Metab. Clin. Exp. 54, 500\u2013507 (2005).","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"90981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R528","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00316.2007","volume":"294","author":"K Shankar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shankar, K. et al. Maternal obesity at conception programs obesity in the offspring. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 294, R528\u2013R538 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"90981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.163477","volume":"587","author":"GJ Howie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howie, G. J., Sloboda, D. M., Kamal, T. & Vickers, M. H. Maternal nutritional history predicts obesity in adult offspring independent of postnatal diet. J. Physiol. 587, 905\u2013915 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"90981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1065","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00551.2012","volume":"304","author":"M Mischke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mischke, M. & Pl\u00f6sch, T. More than just a gut instinct\u2014The potential interplay between a baby\u2019s nutrition, its gut microbiome, and the epigenome. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 304, R1065\u2013R1069 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"90981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/53.2.438","volume":"53","author":"JL Mattsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mattsson, J. L., Maurissen, J. P. J., Nolan, R. J. & Brzak, K. A. Lack of differential sensitivity to cholinesterase inhibition in fetuses and neonates compared to dams treated perinatally with chlorpyrifos. Toxicol. Sci. 53, 438\u2013446 (2000).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"90981_CR21","first-page":"e05809","volume":"17","author":"EFSA","year":"2019","unstructured":"EFSA. Statement on the available outcomes of the human health assessment in the context of the pesticides peer review of the active substance chlorpyrifos. EFSA J. 17, e05809 (2019).","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"90981_CR22","first-page":"79","volume":"56","author":"K McDonnell-Dowling","year":"2017","unstructured":"McDonnell-Dowling, K., Kleefeld, S. & Kelly, J. P. Consequences of oral gavage during gestation and lactation on rat dams and the neurodevelopment and behavior of their offspring. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 56, 79\u201383 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"90981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.05.012","volume":"104","author":"RH Purcell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Purcell, R. H. et al. Maternal stress and high-fat diet effect on maternal behavior, milk composition, and pup ingestive behavior. Physiol. Behav. 104, 474\u2013479 (2011).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"90981_CR24","first-page":"624","volume":"4","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sengupta, P. The laboratory rat: Relating its age with human\u2019s. Int. J. Prev. Med. 4, 624\u2013630 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"90981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-67202012000100011","volume":"25","author":"NA Andreollo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andreollo, N. A., dos Santos, E. F., Ara\u00fajo, M. R. & Lopes, L. R. Rat\u2019s age versus human\u2019s age: What is the relationship?. ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (S\u00e3o Paulo) 25, 49\u201351 (2012).","journal-title":"ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"90981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.10.019","volume":"337","author":"S Kondakala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kondakala, S., Lee, J. H., Ross, M. K. & Howell, G. E. Effects of acute exposure to chlorpyrifos on cholinergic and non-cholinergic targets in normal and high-fat fed male C57BL\/6J mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 337, 67\u201375 (2017).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"90981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111322","volume":"140","author":"H El Khayat El Sabbouri","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Khayat El Sabbouri, H. et al. Does the perigestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and\/or high-fat diet affect respiratory parameters and diaphragmatic muscle contractility in young rats?. Food Chem. Toxicol. 140, 111322 (2020).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"90981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.149831","volume":"144","author":"MA Pickett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pickett, M. A., Dush, M. K. & Nascone-Yoder, N. M. Acetylcholinesterase plays a non-neuronal, non-esterase role in organogenesis. Development 144, 2764\u20132770 (2017).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"90981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.03.009","volume":"25","author":"Y Xue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xue, Y., Wang, H., Du, M. & Zhu, M.-J. Maternal obesity induces gut inflammation and impairs gut epithelial barrier function in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. J. Nutr. Biochem. 25, 758\u2013764 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"90981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00371","volume":"158","author":"NM Hohos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hohos, N. M. & Skaznik-Wikiel, M. E. High-fat diet and female fertility. Endocrinology 158, 2407\u20132419 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"90981_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.020","volume":"229","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J., Pang, G., Ren, F. & Fang, B. Chlorpyrifos-induced reproductive toxicity in rats could be partly relieved under high-fat diet. Chemosphere 229, 94\u2013102 (2019).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"90981_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(98)00028-4","volume":"30","author":"A Allen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Allen, A., Hutton, D. A. & Pearson, J. P. The MUC2 gene product: A human intestinal mucin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30, 797\u2013801 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"90981_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.07.018","volume":"58","author":"M Bottani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bottani, M., Cornaghi, L., Donetti, E. & Ferraretto, A. Excess of nutrient-induced morphofunctional adaptation and inflammation degree in a Caco2\/HT-29 in vitro intestinal co-culture. Nutrition 58, 156\u2013166 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"90981_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.06.051","volume":"118","author":"GE Howell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howell, G. E., Kondakala, S., Holdridge, J., Lee, J. H. & Ross, M. K. Inhibition of cholinergic and non-cholinergic targets following subacute exposure to chlorpyrifos in normal and high fat fed male C57BL\/6J mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 118, 821\u2013829 (2018).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"90981_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00027-3","volume":"186","author":"FM Buratti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buratti, F. M., Volpe, M. T., Meneguz, A., Vittozzi, L. & Testai, E. CYP-specific bioactivation of four organophosphorothioate pesticides by human liver microsomes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 186, 143\u2013154 (2003).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"90981_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.01.003","volume":"81","author":"AA Adigun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adigun, A. A., Wrench, N., Levin, E. D., Seidler, F. J. & Slotkin, T. A. Neonatal parathion exposure and interactions with a high-fat diet in adulthood: Adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling in heart, liver and cerebellum. Brain Res. Bull. 81, 605\u2013612 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"90981_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44448-0","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, Z. et al. Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells. Sci. Rep. 9, 8367\u20138379 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"90981_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020203","volume":"10","author":"H Hug","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hug, H., Mohajeri, M. H. & La Fata, G. Toll-like receptors: Regulators of the immune response in the human gut. Nutrients 10, 203 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"90981_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.637-646.2003","volume":"16","author":"S Janssens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janssens, S. & Beyaert, R. Role of toll-like receptors in pathogen recognition. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16, 637\u2013646 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"90981_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33662","volume":"122","author":"M Hausmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hausmann, M. et al. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are up-regulated during intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology 122, 1987\u20132000 (2002).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"90981_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1214","volume":"6","author":"N Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Expression and activity of the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in mouse intestine following administration of a short-term high-fat diet. Exp. Ther. Med. 6, 635\u2013640 (2013).","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"90981_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047713","volume":"7","author":"K-A Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, K.-A., Gu, W., Lee, I.-A., Joh, E.-H. & Kim, D.-H. High fat diet-induced gut microbiota exacerbates inflammation and obesity in mice via the TLR4 signaling pathway. PLoS\u00a0One 7, e47713 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"90981_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13360","volume":"1397","author":"V Garcia-Hernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Hernandez, V., Quiros, M. & Nusrat, A. Intestinal epithelial claudins: Expression and regulation in homeostasis and inflammation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1397, 66\u201379 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"90981_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0037","volume":"230","author":"S Lecoutre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lecoutre, S. et al. Depot- and sex-specific effects of maternal obesity in offspring\u2019s adipose tissue. J. Endocrinol. 230, 39\u201353 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90981_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1349359","volume":"22","author":"CP Almeida-Suhett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almeida-Suhett, C. P., Scott, J. M., Graham, A., Chen, Y. & Deuster, P. A. Control diet in a high-fat diet study in mice: Regular chow and purified low-fat diet have similar effects on phenotypic, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. Nutr. Neurosci. 22, 19\u201328 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"90981_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2","volume":"80","author":"F Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie, F., Xiao, P., Chen, D., Xu, L. & Zhang, B. miRDeepFinder: A miRNA analysis tool for deep sequencing of plant small RNAs. Plant Mol. Biol. 80, 75\u201384 (2012).","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"90981_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47","volume":"26","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pfaffl, M. W., Tichopad, A., Prgomet, C. & Neuvians, T. P. Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper\u2014Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnol. Lett. 26, 509\u2013515 (2004).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"90981_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496","volume":"64","author":"CL Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen, C. L., Jensen, J. L. & \u00d8rntoft, T. F. Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: A model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets. Cancer Res. 64, 5245\u20135250 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"90981_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"research0034","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","volume":"3","author":"J Vandesompele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele, J. et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 3, research0034 (2002).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"90981_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-33","volume":"7","author":"N Silver","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silver, N., Best, S., Jiang, J. & Thein, S. L. Selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in human reticulocytes using real-time PCR. BMC Mol. Biol. 7, 33 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"90981_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S. & Eliceiri, K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 671\u2013675 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"90981_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184274","volume":"12","author":"M Elderman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elderman, M. et al. The effect of age on the intestinal mucus thickness, microbiota composition and immunity in relation to sex in mice. PLoS\u00a0One 12, e0184274 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-90981-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-90981-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-90981-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T23:41:29Z","timestamp":1725147689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-90981-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["90981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-90981-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11420"}}