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We investigated relationships between glycemia and HDL- and Non-HDL-cholesterol and their modification by gender. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis from the National Health Examination Survey for Thailand (NHES-Thailand) and the Health Survey for England (HS-England) in adults aged 18\u201375\u00a0year. Glycaemia was assessed by FPG in Thailand and by HbA1c in the UK. In population- and gender-stratified analyses, the relationships between glycemia and lipids were explored. A total of 15,145 Thai and 3484 UK adults with blood measurement were included. The prevalences of prediabetes were: in NHES-Thailand, 16% (SE\u2009=\u20090.004), based on FPG (5.6 to\u2009&lt;\u20097.0\u00a0mmol\/L) and in HS-England, 19% (0.007) based on HbA1c (39 to\u2009&lt;\u200948\u00a0mmol\/mol). Increasingly abnormal glucose homeostasis was associated with increasing age, adiposity, SBP, proportion of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agent use and with decreasing HDL-cholesterol. Independent of age, adiposity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and lipid and BP lowering drug use, increasing glycemia was associated with decreasing HDL-cholesterol specifically in women with prediabetes (NHES-Thailand, beta-coefficient\u2009\u2212\u20090.07 (95% CI\u2009\u2212\u20090.15,\u2009\u2212\u20090.001)\u00a0p\u2009=\u20090.04 and HS-England,\u2009\u2212\u20090.03 (\u2212\u20090.04,\u2009\u2212\u20090.006) p\u2009=\u20090.01). In both populations, among those with prediabetes, increasing glycaemia is associated with an adverse, significant decline in HDL cholesterol, specifically in women. These adverse effects are apparent in widely-differing international populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91075-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T10:16:45Z","timestamp":1623233805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increasing glycaemia is associated with a significant decline in HDL cholesterol in women with prediabetes in two national populations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chaiwat","family":"Washirasaksiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9581-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weerachai","family":"Srivanichakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Godsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanis","family":"Kositamongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwat","family":"Chariyalertsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattapong","family":"Kessomboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawitri","family":"Assanangkornchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surasak","family":"Taneepanichskul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nareemarn","family":"Neelapaichit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pochamana","family":"Phisalprapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond G.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick S.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wichai","family":"Aekplakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"91075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/414782a","volume":"414","author":"P Zimmet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. 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