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Twelve rats were equally assigned into two groups by anesthetics: intravenous midazolam\/fentanyl vs. inhaled isoflurane. R, VO2, VCO2, and RQ were measured at FIO2 0.3 or 1.0. R error was \u00b1 0.003. R was 1.0099\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0023 with isoflurane and 1.0074\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0018 with midazolam\/fentanyl. R was 1.0081\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0017 at an FIO2 of 0.3 and 1.0092\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0029 at an FIO2 of 1.0. There were no differences in VCO2 among the groups. VO2 increased at FIO2 1.0, which was more notable when midazolam\/fentanyl was used (isoflurane-FIO2 0.3: 15.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1; isoflurane-FIO2 1.0: 17.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8; midazolam\/fentanyl-FIO2 0.3: 15.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1; midazolam\/fentanyl-FIO2 1.0: 21.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u00a0mL\/kg\/min at STP). The RQ was lower at FIO2 1.0 than FIO2 0.3 (isoflurane-FIO2 0.3: 0.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07; isoflurane-FIO2 1.0: 0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05; midazolam\/fentanyl-FIO2 0.3: 0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03; midazolam\/fentanyl-FIO2 1.0: 0.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04). R was not affected by either anesthetics or FIO2. Inspired 100% O2 increased VO2 and decreased RQ, which might be more remarkable when midazolam\/fentanyl was used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91246-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1623924189000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A method for measuring the molecular ratio of inhalation to exhalation and effect of inspired oxygen levels on oxygen consumption"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Shinozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago J.","family":"Miyara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto P.","family":"Molmenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tai","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Lampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"91246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/207761a0","volume":"207","author":"J Simek","year":"1965","unstructured":"Simek, J. & Sedlacek, J. 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We did not use products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not invade the authors\u2019 adherence to all the Journal's policies. Shinozaki and Becker own intellectual property of metabolic measurement in critically ill patients. Shinozaki has grant\/research supported by Nihon Kohden Corp. Becker has grant\/research supported by Philips Healthcare, the National Institutes of Health, Nihon Kohden Corp., BeneChill Inc., Zoll Medical Corp, Medtronic Foundation, and patents in the areas of hypothermia induction and perfusion therapies. The other authors have no disclosures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12815"}}