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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of antibiotic usage and forecast the prevalence of hospital-acquired extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)\u2014producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) using time-series analysis. Antimicrobial culture information of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was obtained using a text processing technique that helped extract free-text electronic health records from standardized data. The antimicrobial use density (AUD) of antibiotics of interest was used to estimate the quarterly antibiotic usage. Transfer function model was applied to forecast relationship between antibiotic usage and ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Of the 1938 hospital-acquired isolates, 831 isolates (42.9%) were ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Both the proportion of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E.<\/jats:italic> coli and AUD increased over time. The transfer model predicted that ciprofloxacin AUD is related to the proportion of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> two quarters later. In conclusion, excessive use of antibiotics was shown to affect the prevalence of resistant organisms in the future. Therefore, the control of antibiotics with antimicrobial stewardship programs should be considered to restrict antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91332-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T10:02:49Z","timestamp":1624356169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of antibiotic usage on extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jeong Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjin","family":"Yum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Joon","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyonggin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Kyung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Wook","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"91332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","volume":"18","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacconelli, E. et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18, 318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"91332_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1654127","volume":"51","author":"FH Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu, F. H. et al. Risk factors for community acquired urinary tract infections caused by extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in children: a case control study. Infect. Dis. 51, 802\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23744235.2019.1654127 (2019).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"91332_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.05.013","volume":"26","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tacconelli, E. et al. Estimating the association between antibiotic exposure and colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria using machine learning methods: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 26, 87\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.05.013 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"91332_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550110082041","volume":"278","author":"B Schwartz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schwartz, B., Bell, D. M. & Hughes, J. M. Preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance: a call for action by clinicians, public health officials, and patients. JAMA 278, 944\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1997.03550110082041 (1997).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"91332_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.215","volume":"40","author":"MT Murray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murray, M. 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