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Beyond the patient\u2019s condition, microbiological properties such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and other virulence factors can explain the poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of patient condition, microbiological characteristics, including biofilm production, and treatment on peritonitis outcome. We reviewed the records of 62 index episodes caused by NF-GNB that occurred between 1997 and 2015 in our center. The etiologies were species of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> (51.6%), <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> (32.2%), and other NF-GNB (16.1%). There was a high (72.9%) proportion of biofilm producer lineages. The in vitro susceptibility rate of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp. to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime was significantly greater than that of <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. and other species; however, there was a similar low resolution rate (&lt;\u200945%) among the episodes attributable to them. Preexisting exit-site infection was independently associated with nonresolution. No other factor, including biofilm production, was associated with the outcome. The higher in vitro susceptibility of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> compared to other NF-GNB that presented a similar resolution rate suggests that bacterial virulence factors such as biofilms can act in concert, thereby worsening the outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91410-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T10:04:33Z","timestamp":1623319473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical and microbiological factors predicting outcomes of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ana Claudia Moro Lima","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Tavanelli","family":"Hernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto Cezar","family":"Montelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydir Cec\u00edlia Marinho","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Alves","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano Martison","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Lia","family":"Mondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasqual","family":"Barretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"91410_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moncrief, J.W., Popovich, R.P. 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