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However, chemotherapeutic regimens can severely reduce T cells\u2019 number and cytotoxic function, leading to an inadequate response to blinatumomab treatment in patients. In addition, it was reported that a substantial portion of R\/R B-ALL patients failing blinatumomab treatment had the extramedullary disease, indicating the poor ability of blinatumomab in treating extramedullary disease. In this study, we investigated whether the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded \u03b39\u03b42 T cells could act as the effector of blinatumomab to enhance blinatumomab\u2019s antitumor activity against B-cell malignancies in vivo. Repeated infusion of blinatumomab and human \u03b39\u03b42 T cells led to more prolonged survival than that of blinatumomab or human \u03b39\u03b42 T cells alone in the mice xenografted with Raji cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of \u03b39\u03b42 T cells reduced tumor mass outside the bone marrow, indicating the potential of \u03b39\u03b42 T cells to eradicate the extramedullary disease. Our results suggest that the addition of \u03b39\u03b42 T cells to the blinatumomab treatment regimens could be an effective approach to enhancing blinatumomab\u2019s therapeutic efficacy. The concept of this strategy may also be applied to other antigen-specific BiTE therapies for other malignancies.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91784-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T10:08:03Z","timestamp":1623406083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The potential of adoptive transfer of \u03b39\u03b42 T cells to enhance blinatumomab\u2019s antitumor activity against B-cell malignancy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yun-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ching","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"91784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s83848","volume":"10","author":"C Le Jeune","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le Jeune, C. & Thomas, X. 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