{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:24:54Z","timestamp":1793946294256,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semantic categorization is a fundamental ability in language as well as in interaction with the environment. However, it is unclear what cognitive and neural basis generates this flexible and context dependent categorization of semantic information. We performed behavioral and fMRI experiments with a semantic priming paradigm to clarify this. Participants conducted semantic decision tasks in which a prime word preceded target words, using names of animals (mammals, birds, or fish). We focused on the categorization of unique marine mammals, having characteristics of both mammals and fish. Behavioral experiments indicated that marine mammals were semantically closer to fish than terrestrial mammals, inconsistent with the category membership. The fMRI results showed that the left anterior temporal lobe was sensitive to the semantic distance between prime and target words rather than category membership, while the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was sensitive to the consistency of category membership of word pairs. We interpreted these results as evidence of existence of dual processes for semantic categorization. The combination of bottom-up processing based on semantic characteristics in the left anterior temporal lobe and top-down processing based on task and\/or context specific information in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is required for the flexible categorization of semantic information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92726-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1624615387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Distinctive responses in anterior temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during categorization of semantic information"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Soshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Fujimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya S.","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"92726_CR1","volume-title":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"L Wittgenstein","year":"1953","unstructured":"Wittgenstein, L. Philosophical Investigations (Macmillan Publishing, 1953)."},{"key":"92726_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90017-0","volume":"4","author":"E Rosch","year":"1973","unstructured":"Rosch, E. Natural categories. Cogn. Psychol. 4, 328\u2013350 (1973).","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"92726_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05078","volume":"443","author":"DJ Freedman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freedman, D. J. & Assad, J. A. Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex. Nature 443, 85\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05078 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"92726_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5502.312","volume":"291","author":"DJ Freedman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T. & Miller, E. K. Categorical representation of visual stimuli in the primate prefrontal cortex. Science 291, 312\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.291.5502.312 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"92726_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05235.2003","volume":"23","author":"DJ Freedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T. & Miller, E. K. A comparison of primate prefrontal and inferior temporal cortices during visual categorization. J. Neurosci. 23, 5235\u20135246 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1906-523","volume":"19","author":"L Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen, L., Mehta, S., McClure, J. A. & Teasell, R. Therapeutic interventions for aphasia initiated more than six months post stroke: A review of the evidence. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 19, 523\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1310\/tsr1906-523 (2012).","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"92726_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/nn767","volume":"4","author":"H Op de Beeck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Op de Beeck, H., Wagemans, J. & Vogels, R. Inferotemporal neurons represent low-dimensional configurations of parameterized shapes. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 1244\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn767 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.150","volume":"18","author":"MA Lambon-Ralph","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Jefferies, E., Patterson, K. & Rogers, T. T. The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 42\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2016.150 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.043","volume":"60","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kriegeskorte, N. et al. Matching categorical object representations in inferior temporal cortex of man and monkey. Neuron 60, 1126\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.043 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"92726_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq020","volume":"20","author":"R Holland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holland, R. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. The anterior temporal lobe semantic hub is a part of the language neural network: Selective disruption of irregular past tense verbs by rTMS. Cereb. Cortex 20, 2771\u20132775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhq020 (2010).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"92726_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.03.070","volume":"20","author":"G Pobric","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pobric, G., Jefferies, E. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Category-specific versus category-general semantic impairment induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Curr. Biol. CB 20, 964\u2013968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2010.03.070 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol. CB"},{"key":"92726_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.02.006","volume":"45","author":"G Pobric","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pobric, G., Lambon Ralph, M. A. & Jefferies, E. The role of the anterior temporal lobes in the comprehension of concrete and abstract words: rTMS evidence. Cortex 45, 1104\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.02.006 (2009).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"92726_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.004","volume":"17","author":"F Pulvermuller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pulvermuller, F. How neurons make meaning: Brain mechanisms for embodied and abstract-symbolic semantics. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17, 458\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.004 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"92726_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.02.015","volume":"53","author":"X Jiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. Categorization training results in shape- and category-selective human neural plasticity. Neuron 53, 891\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.02.015 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"92726_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dehaene, S. et al. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 752\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/89551 (2001).","DOI":"10.1038\/89551"},{"key":"92726_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.10.966","volume":"11","author":"L Naccache","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naccache, L. & Dehaene, S. The priming method: imaging unconscious repetition priming reveals an abstract representation of number in the parietal lobes. Cereb. Cortex 11, 966\u2013974 (2001).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"92726_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(03)00086-8","volume":"70","author":"RN Henson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Henson, R. N. Neuroimaging studies of priming. Prog. Neurobiol. 70, 53\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-0082(03)00086-8 (2003).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"92726_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.008","volume":"24","author":"A Matsumoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matsumoto, A., Iidaka, T., Haneda, K., Okada, T. & Sadato, N. Linking semantic priming effect in functional MRI and event-related potentials. Neuroimage 24, 624\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.008 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"92726_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.82.6.407","volume":"82","author":"AM Collins","year":"1975","unstructured":"Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychol. Rev. 82, 407\u2013428 (1975).","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"92726_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.106.3.226","volume":"106","author":"JH Neely","year":"1977","unstructured":"Neely, J. H. Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 106, 226\u2013254 (1977).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"92726_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907307107","volume":"107","author":"MA Lambon Ralph","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lambon Ralph, M. A., Sage, K., Jones, R. W. & Mayberry, E. J. Coherent concepts are computed in the anterior temporal lobes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 2717\u20132722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0907307107 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"92726_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21309","volume":"22","author":"M Visser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Visser, M., Jefferies, E. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic processing in the anterior temporal lobes: a meta-analysis of the functional neuroimaging literature. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 1083\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21309 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21197","volume":"22","author":"GD Zannino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zannino, G. D. et al. Visual and semantic processing of living things and artifacts: an FMRI study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 554\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21197 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014935108","volume":"108","author":"MF Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz, M. F. et al. Neuroanatomical dissociation for taxonomic and thematic knowledge in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 8520\u20138524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1014935108 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"92726_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr325","volume":"135","author":"MA Lambon Ralph","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lambon Ralph, M. A., Ehsan, S., Baker, G. A. & Rogers, T. T. Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 135, 242\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr325 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"92726_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl153","volume":"129","author":"E Jefferies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jefferies, E. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: a case-series comparison. Brain 129, 2132\u20132147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl153 (2006).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"92726_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2277","volume":"8","author":"K Patterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patterson, K., Nestor, P. J. & Rogers, T. T. Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 976\u2013987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2277 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR28","volume-title":"Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach","author":"TT Rogers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rogers, T. T. & McClelland, J. L. Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach (MIT Press, 2003)."},{"key":"92726_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190313","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0313","volume":"375","author":"M Rabovsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabovsky, M. & McClelland, J. L. Quasi-compositional mapping from form to meaning: a neural network-based approach to capturing neural responses during human language comprehension. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 375, 20190313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2019.0313 (2020).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"92726_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.6.1255","volume":"117","author":"CJ Price","year":"1994","unstructured":"Price, C. J. et al. Brain activity during reading.. The effects of exposure duration and task. Brain 117(Pt 6), 1255\u20131269 (1994).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"92726_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1221","volume":"119","author":"KR Pugh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pugh, K. R. et al. Cerebral organization of component processes in reading. Brain 119(Pt 4), 1221\u20131238 (1996).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"92726_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2532","volume":"9","author":"EF Lau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lau, E. F., Phillips, C. & Poeppel, D. A cortical network for semantics: (De)constructing the N400. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 920\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2532 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.05.005","volume":"66","author":"JA Cromer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cromer, J. A., Roy, J. E. & Miller, E. K. Representation of multiple, independent categories in the primate prefrontal cortex. Neuron 66, 796\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.05.005 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"92726_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8519","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4837-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"JE Roy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roy, J. E., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T. & Miller, E. K. Prefrontal cortex activity during flexible categorization. J. Neurosci. 30, 8519\u20138528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4837-09.2010 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00184","volume":"24","author":"HE Gardner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gardner, H. E. et al. The differential contributions of pFC and temporo-parietal cortex to multimodal semantic control: exploring refractory effects in semantic aphasia. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 24, 778\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00184 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16065","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1660-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"JL McKee","year":"2014","unstructured":"McKee, J. L., Riesenhuber, M., Miller, E. K. & Freedman, D. J. Task dependence of visual and category representations in prefrontal and inferior temporal cortices. J. Neurosci. 34, 16065\u201316075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1660-14.2014 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(74)90047-5","volume":"12","author":"E Perret","year":"1974","unstructured":"Perret, E. The left frontal lobe of man and the suppression of habitual responses in verbal categorical behaviour. Neuropsychologia 12, 323\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-3932(74)90047-5 (1974).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"92726_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00161-6","volume":"41","author":"SL Thompson-Schill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thompson-Schill, S. L. Neuroimaging studies of semantic memory: inferring \u201chow\u201d from \u201cwhere\u201d. Neuropsychologia 41, 280\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00161-6 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"92726_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.10.008","volume":"49","author":"E Jefferies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jefferies, E. The neural basis of semantic cognition: converging evidence from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and TMS. Cortex 49, 611\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.10.008 (2013).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"92726_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","volume":"1124","author":"RL Buckner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R. & Schacter, D. L. The brain\u2019s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1124, 1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1440.011 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"92726_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","volume":"3","author":"M Corbetta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corbetta, M. & Shulman, G. L. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 201\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn755 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR42","volume-title":"Nihongo-no Goitokusei: Lexical Properties of Japanese","author":"S Amano","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amano, S. & Kondo, T. Nihongo-no Goitokusei: Lexical Properties of Japanese Vol. 1 (Sanseido-shoten Co., Ltd., 1999)."},{"key":"92726_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03197027","volume":"15","author":"RJ Kreuz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kreuz, R. J. The subjective familiarity of English homophones. Mem. Cogn. 15, 154\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03197027 (1987).","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"92726_CR44","volume-title":"Nihongo-no Goitokusei: Lexical Properties of Japaneses","author":"S Amano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amano, S. & Kondo, T. Nihongo-no Goitokusei: Lexical Properties of Japaneses Vol. 7 (Sanseido-shoten Co., Ltd., 2000)."},{"key":"92726_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.4.1030","volume":"40","author":"S De Deyne","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Deyne, S. et al. Exemplar by feature applicability matrices and other Dutch normative data for semantic concepts. Behav. Res. Methods 40, 1030\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.40.4.1030 (2008).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"92726_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192726","volume":"37","author":"K McRae","year":"2005","unstructured":"McRae, K., Cree, G. S., Seidenberg, M. S. & McNorgan, C. Semantic feature production norms for a large set of living and nonliving things. Behav. Res. Methods 37, 547\u2013559 (2005).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"92726_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(76)90011-6","volume":"15","author":"A Caramazza","year":"1976","unstructured":"Caramazza, A., Hersh, H. & Torgerson, W. S. Subjective structures and operations in semantic memory. J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 15, 103\u2013117 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav."},{"key":"92726_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2017.00012","volume":"2","author":"T Soshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soshi, T., Fujimaki, N., Matsumoto, A. & Ihara, S. A. Memory-based specification of verbal features for classifying animals into super-ordinate and sub-ordinate categories. Front. Commun. 2, 1\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Commun."},{"key":"92726_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2303","volume":"12","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kriegeskorte, N., Simmons, W. K., Bellgowan, P. S. & Baker, C. I. Circular analysis in systems neuroscience: The dangers of double dipping. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 535\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2303 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"92726_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl040","volume":"16","author":"T Iidaka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iidaka, T., Matsumoto, A., Nogawa, J., Yamamoto, Y. & Sadato, N. Frontoparietal network involved in successful retrieval from episodic memory. Spatial and temporal analyses using fMRI and ERP. Cereb. Cortex 16, 1349\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhl040 (2006).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-92726-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-92726-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-92726-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T10:51:31Z","timestamp":1670064691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-92726-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92726-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13343"}}