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The main concerns of the authors were chemical quality elements with concentrations in\u00a0water bodies which are close to or even smaller than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Their values must be set to half of this limit to calculate the mean value. This procedure leads to very low standard deviation values and unrealistic values of\u00a0P<jats:sub>om<\/jats:sub>\u00a0for chemical indicators. In turn, this may lead to the false conclusion that not only is the chemical status\u00a0<jats:italic>good<\/jats:italic>\u00a0but also that this status assessment is perfect. Therefore, for a more reliable calculation of\u00a0P<jats:sub>om<\/jats:sub>, the authors suggested a modified calculation in which the value of half the LOQ for calculating the mean value was kept, but zero as the concentration value for the standard deviation calculation was adopted. The proposed modification has been applied to the Hierarchical Approach procedure for\u00a0P<jats:sub>om<\/jats:sub>\u00a0estimation of the chemical status of Polish rivers and lakes. The crucial finding is that current chemical status assessments may be incorrect in the case of approximately 25% of river water bodies and 30% of lake water bodies\u00a0categorised\u00a0as\u00a0<jats:italic>good<\/jats:italic>, and 20% of both types of water bodies classified as\u00a0<jats:italic>below good<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93051-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1625133924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Uncertainty of chemical status in surface waters"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Loga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2275-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Prze\u017adziecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"93051_CR1","unstructured":"Directive 2000\/60\/EC (2000) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy (2000)."},{"key":"93051_CR2","unstructured":"Directive 2008\/105\/EC (2008) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16\u00a0December 2008 on Environmental Quality Standards in the Field of Water Policy, Amending and Subsequently Repealing Council Directives 82\/176\/EEC, 83\/513\/EEC, 84\/156\/EEC, 84\/491\/EEC, 86\/280\/EEC and Amending Directive 2000\/60\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (2008)."},{"key":"93051_CR3","unstructured":"Directive 2013\/39\/EU (2013) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12\u00a0August 2013 Amending Directives 2000\/60\/EC and 2008\/105\/EC as Regards Priority Substances in the Field of Water Policy (2013)."},{"key":"93051_CR4","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/themes\/water\/european-waters\/water-quality-and-water-assessment\/water-assessments (2020)"},{"key":"93051_CR5","unstructured":"Kristensen, P., Whalley, C., & Klan\u010dnik, K.\u00a0European Waters: Assessment of Status and Pressures 2018. 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