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However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still scarce. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 5464 patients with a recent diagnosis of couple\u2019s primary infertility and 404 healthy control individuals from Cordoba, Argentina. Overall, the prevalence of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> urogenital infection was significantly higher in patients than in control individuals (5.3%, 22.8% and 7.4% vs. 2.0%, 17.8% and 1.7%, respectively). <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> infections were significantly more prevalent in male patients whereas <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> infections were more prevalent in female patients. Of clinical importance, <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. infections were significantly higher in patients younger than 25\u00a0years. Moreover, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> infections were associated to each other in either female or male patients being reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Our data revealed that <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> are prevalent uropathogens in patients with couple\u2019s primary infertility. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93318-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1625133924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Results from a large cross-sectional\u00a0study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniela Andrea","family":"Paira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Daniela","family":"Tissera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Isabel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben Dario","family":"Motrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"93318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.285","volume":"11","author":"F Gimenes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gimenes, F. et al. 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