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We aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and domain-specific cognitive outcomes, focusing on the subdivision of each frontal domain function in post-ischemic stroke survivors. A total of 335 ischemic stroke patients were included in the study after completion of the Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) and the vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards neuropsychological protocol at 3\u00a0months after stroke. Frontal lobe functions were analyzed using semantic\/phonemic fluency, processing speed, and mental set shifting. Our study participants were categorized into four groups according to BMI quartiles. The z-scores of K-MMSE at 3\u00a0months differed significantly between the groups after adjustment for initial stroke severity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014). Global cognitive function in stroke survivors in the Q1 (the lowest quartile) BMI group was significantly lower than those in Q2 and Q4 (the highest quartile) BMI groups (K-MMSE z-scores, Q1:\u2009\u2212\u20092.10\u2009\u00b1\u20093.40 vs. Q2: 0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20091.95 and Q4:\u2009\u2212\u20091.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65). Controlled oral word association test findings indicated that phonemic and semantic word fluency was lower in Q4 BMI group participants than in Q2 BMI group participants (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023 respectively). BMI might differentially affect cognitive domains after ischemic stroke. Although being underweight may negatively affect global cognition post-stroke, obesity could induce frontal lobe dysfunctions, specifically phonemic and semantic word fluency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93714-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:04:40Z","timestamp":1625724280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differential effects of body mass index on domain-specific cognitive outcomes after stroke"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Minwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Sun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Uk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Joon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeseol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonwook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"93714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"GBDO Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collaborators, G. 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