{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T20:16:16Z","timestamp":1775679376868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0112700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0112700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the clinical characteristics of optic neuritis (ON) with different phenotypes. This prospective study recruited patients with new-onset ON between January 2015 and March 2017 who were followed-up for 3\u00a0years. They were divided into the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-seropositive (MOG-ON), aquaporin-4-seropositive (AQP4-ON), and double-seronegative (seronegative-ON) groups, and their clinical characteristics and imaging findings were evaluated and compared. Two-hundred-eighty patients (405 eyes) were included (MOG-ON: n\u2009=\u200957, 20.4%; AQP4-ON: n\u2009=\u200998, 35.0%; seronegative-ON: n\u2009=\u2009125, 44.6%). The proportion of eyes with best-corrected visual acuity &gt;\u200920\/25 at the 3-year follow-up was similar between the MOG-ON and seronegative-ON groups; the proportion in both groups was higher than that in the AQP4-ON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Relapse rates were higher in the MOG-ON and AQP4-ON groups than in the seronegative-ON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness at 3\u00a0years was similar between the MOG-ON and AQP4-ON groups (63.41\u2009\u00b1\u200913.39 and 59.40\u2009\u00b1\u200911.46\u00a0\u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.476) but both were thinner than the seronegative-ON group (74.06\u2009\u00b1\u200911.14\u00a0\u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) revealed the same pattern. Despite RNFL and GCIPL thinning, the MOG-ON group\u2019s outcome was as favorable as that of the seronegative-ON group, whereas the AQP4-ON group showed unsatisfactory results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93976-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:03:33Z","timestamp":1626429813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical characteristics of optic neuritis phenotypes in a 3-year follow-up Chinese cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guixian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guohong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"93976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000001729","volume":"85","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wingerchuk, D. M. et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 85, 177\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000001729 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"93976_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8155-7","volume":"263","author":"H Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, H. et al. Optic neuritis: a 5-year follow-up study of Chinese patients based on aquaporin-4 antibody status and ages. J. Neurol. 263, 1382\u20131389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8155-7 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.021","volume":"305","author":"C Lai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lai, C. et al. Clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcomes of isolated atypical optic neuritis in China. J. Neurol. Sci. 305, 38\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.021 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"93976_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00062","volume":"8","author":"Y Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long, Y. et al. Different phenotypes at onset in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Front. Neurol. 8, 62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00062 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.11.010","volume":"302","author":"J ZhangBao","year":"2017","unstructured":"ZhangBao, J. et al. The clinical characteristics of AQP4 antibody positive NMO\/SD in a large cohort of Chinese Han patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 302, 49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.11.010 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"93976_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0491-9","volume":"38","author":"BNK Choy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choy, B. N. K., Ng, A. L. K. & Lai, J. S. M. Clinical characteristics of optic neuritis in Hong Kong population: 10-year review. Int. Ophthalmol. 38, 557\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-017-0491-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000000766","volume":"33","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, J. J. & Bhatti, M. T. Clinical phenotype, radiological features, and treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) optic neuritis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 33, 47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wco.0000000000000766 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/icu.0000000000000614","volume":"30","author":"M Caron-Cantin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caron-Cantin, M., Cestari, D. M. & Fortin, E. Clinical and radiologic approach to \u201ctypical\u201d versus antibody-related optic neuritis. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 30, 412\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/icu.0000000000000614 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8651-4","volume":"265","author":"G Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, G. et al. Clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein seropositive optic neuritis: A cohort study in Shanghai, China.  J. Neurol. 265, 33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8651-4 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.003","volume":"83","author":"Q Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Q. et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein seropositive: A cohort study. Pediatr. Neurol. 83, 42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.003 (2018).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.01.007","volume":"305","author":"L Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou, L. et al. MOG-antibody associated demyelinating disease of the CNS: A clinical and pathological study in Chinese Han patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 305, 19\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.01.007 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"93976_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311177","volume":"102","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Clinical features of demyelinating optic neuritis with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody in Chinese patients. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 102, 1372\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311177 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312399","volume":"103","author":"H Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, H. et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-seropositive paediatric optic neuritis in China. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 103, 831\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312399 (2019).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson, A. J. et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 17, 162\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(17)30470-2 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1","volume":"13","author":"S Jarius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jarius, S. et al. MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 1: Frequency, syndrome specificity, influence of disease activity, long-term course, association with AQP4-IgG, and origin. J. Neuroinflamm. 13, 279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"93976_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400917698856","volume":"31","author":"M Cellina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cellina, M., Fetoni, V., Ciocca, M., Pirovano, M. & Oliva, G. Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case series and a literature review. Neuroradiol. J. 31, 69\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1971400917698856 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroradiol. J."},{"key":"93976_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000000414","volume":"30","author":"TM Jenkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jenkins, T. M. & Toosy, A. T. Optic neuritis: The eye as a window to the brain. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 30, 61\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wco.0000000000000414 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/rct.0000000000000724","volume":"42","author":"P Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu, P. et al. Differentiating neuromyelitis optica-related and multiple sclerosis-related acute optic neuritis using conventional magnetic resonance imaging combined with readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 42, 502\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/rct.0000000000000724 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"93976_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1853-8","volume":"59","author":"P Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu, P., Sha, Y., Wan, H., Wang, F. & Tian, G. Role of coronal high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging in acute optic neuritis: A comparison with axial orientation. Neuroradiology 59, 737\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-017-1853-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"93976_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000705","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders: A prospective study. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000705 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"93976_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-017-0795-6","volume":"117","author":"M Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Zhang, C., Bai, P., Xue, H. & Wang, G. Effectiveness of low dose of rituximab compared with azathioprine in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica: An over 2-year follow-up study. Acta Neurol. Belg. 117, 695\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0795-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"93976_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aac7","volume":"81","author":"CS Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, C. S. et al. Responsiveness to reduced dosage of rituximab in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 81, 710\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aac7 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"93976_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/icu.0000000000000607","volume":"30","author":"JH Lock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lock, J. H., Newman, N. J., Biousse, V. & Peragallo, J. H. Update on pediatric optic neuritis. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 30, 418\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/icu.0000000000000607 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.066","volume":"120","author":"DB Fernandes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernandes, D. B. et al. Evaluation of inner retinal layers in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 120, 387\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.066 (2013).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93976_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/832784","volume":"2015","author":"G Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian, G. et al. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in patients with optic neuritis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders using optical coherence tomography in a Chinese cohort. J. Ophthalmol. 2015, 832784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/832784 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"93976_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264","volume":"135","author":"SB Syc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Syc, S. B. et al. Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis. Brain J. Neurol. 135, 521\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr264 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"93976_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.10.028","volume":"383","author":"A Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng, A. et al. Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Neurol. Sci. 383, 108\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2017.10.028 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"93976_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.11.026","volume":"28","author":"RN Narayan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narayan, R. N., McCreary, M., Conger, D., Wang, C. & Greenberg, B. M. Unique characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) results and visual acuity testing in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive pediatric patients. Mult Scler. Relat. Disord. 28, 86\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.11.026 (2019).","journal-title":"Mult Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"93976_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199202273260901","volume":"326","author":"RW Beck","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beck, R. W. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 581\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm199202273260901 (1992).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-93976-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-93976-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-93976-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1670066701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-93976-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["93976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-93976-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14603"}}