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Few studies addressed the renal responses to ultrafine particulate [\u2264\u20092.5\u00a0\u00b5m (PM2.5)], including black carbon (BC), which penetrate into the blood stream. In a Flemish population study, glomerular filtration estimated from serum creatinine (eGFR) and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were measured in 2005\u20132009 in 820 participants (women, 50.7%; age, 51.1\u00a0years) with follow-up of 523 after 4.7\u00a0years (median). Serum creatinine, eGFR, chronic kidney disease (eGFR\u2009&lt;\u200960\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and microalbuminuria (&gt;\u20093.5\/&gt;\u20092.5\u00a0mg per mmol creatinine in women\/men) were correlated in individual participants via their residential address with PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    [median 13.1 (range 0.3\u20132.9) \u03bcg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] and BC [1.1 (0.3\u201318) \u03bcg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ], using mixed models accounting for address clusters. Cross-sectional and longitudinally, no renal outcome was associated with PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    or BC in models adjusted for sex and baseline or time varying covariables, including age, blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, plasma glucose, the total-to-HDL serum cholesterol ratio, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic class, and antihypertensive treatment. The subject-level geocorrelations of eGFR change with to BC and PM2.5 were 0.13 and 0.02, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.68). In conclusion, in a population with moderate exposure, renal function was unrelated to ultrafine particulate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94136-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T06:03:18Z","timestamp":1626674598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Glomerular function in relation to fine airborne particulate matter in a representative population sample"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ying-Mei","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutgarde","family":"Thijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9e M.","family":"Bijnens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Fei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram G.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim S.","family":"Nawrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan A.","family":"Staessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"94136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61719-X","volume":"380","author":"H Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. 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