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We retrospectively enrolled consecutive cirrhotic patients with a diagnosis of HCC (n\u2009=\u2009130) or without subsequent evidence of HCC during surveillance (n\u2009=\u2009161). Serum levels of Mg were significantly (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) lower in patients with HCC than in those without (median [interquartile range]: 1.80 [1.62\u20131.90] mg\/dl vs. 1.90 [1.72\u20132.08] mg\/dl). On multivariate logistic regression, low serum Mg was associated with the presence of HCC (OR 0.047, 95% CI 0.015\u20130.164; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), independently from factors that can influence magnesaemia and HCC development. In a subset of 94 patients with HCC, a linear mixed effects model adjusted for confounders showed that serum Mg at diagnosis of HCC was lower than before diagnosis of the tumor (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.117, 95% CI 0.039\u20130.194, P\u2009=\u20090.0035) and compared to after locoregional treatment of HCC (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.079, 95% CI 0.010\u20130.149, P\u2009=\u20090.0259), with two thirds of patients experiencing these changes of serum Mg over time. We hypothesize that most HCCs, like other cancers, may be avid for Mg and behave like a Mg trap, disturbing the body\u2019s Mg balance and resulting in lowering of serum Mg levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94509-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1627294253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low serum magnesium concentration is associated with the presence of viable hepatocellular carcinoma tissue in cirrhotic patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Parisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Persichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Mischitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Abbatecola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quirino","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierleone","family":"Lucatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Bezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Spagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ginanni Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"94509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2014","volume":"95","author":"JH de Baaij","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Baaij, J. 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