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We conducted a prospective genetic analysis of candidate antigens (<jats:italic>msp1, ama1, rh5, eba175, glurp, celtos, csp, lsa3, Pfsea, trap,<\/jats:italic> conserved <jats:italic>chrom3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hyp9<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hyp10<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>phistb, surfin8.2,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>surfin14.1<\/jats:italic>) for malaria vaccine development on 2375 <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> sequences from 16 African countries. We described signatures of balancing selection inferred from positive values of Tajima\u2019s D for all antigens across all populations except for <jats:italic>glurp.<\/jats:italic> This could be as a result of immune selection on these antigens as positive Tajima\u2019s D values mapped to regions with putative immune epitopes. A less diverse <jats:italic>phistb<\/jats:italic> antigen was characterised with a transmembrane domain, glycophosphatidyl anchors between the N and C- terminals, and surface epitopes that could be targets of immune recognition. This study demonstrates the value of population genetic and immunoinformatic analysis for identifying and characterising new putative vaccine candidates towards improving strain transcending immunity, and vaccine efficacy across all endemic populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95442-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1628589790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In silico characterisation of putative Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates in African malaria populations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Ajibola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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