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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might affect pathogenesis of these conditions. In the current project, we have selected <jats:italic>HULC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PVT1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MEG3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SPRY4-IT1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>LINC-ROR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DSCAM-AS1<\/jats:italic> lncRNAs to appraise their transcript levels in the circulation of CIDP and GBS cases versus controls. Expression of <jats:italic>HULC<\/jats:italic> was higher in CIDP patients compared with healthy persons (Ratio of mean expression (RME)\u2009=\u20097.62, SE\u2009=\u20090.72, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). While expression of this lncRNA was not different between female CIDP cases and female controls, its expression was higher in male CIDP cases compared with male controls (RME\u2009=\u200913.50, SE\u2009=\u20090.98, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similarly, expression of <jats:italic>HULC<\/jats:italic> was higher in total GBS cases compared with healthy persons (RME\u2009=\u20094.57, SE\u2009=\u20090.65, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in male cases compared with male controls (RME\u2009=\u20095.48, SE\u2009=\u20090.82, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similar pattern of expression was detected between total cases and total controls. <jats:italic>PVT1<\/jats:italic> was up-regulated in CIDP cases compared with controls (RME\u2009=\u20093.04, SE\u2009=\u20090.51, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in both male and female CIDP cases compared with sex-matched controls. Similarly, <jats:italic>PVT1<\/jats:italic> was up-regulated in GBS cases compared with controls (RME\u2009=\u20092.99, SE\u2009=\u20090.55, P vale\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in total patients compared with total controls (RME\u2009=\u20093.02, SE\u2009=\u20090.43, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Expression levels of <jats:italic>DSCAM-AS1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPRY4-IT1<\/jats:italic> were higher in CIDP and GBS cases compared with healthy subjects and in both sexes compared with gender-matched healthy persons. Although <jats:italic>LINC-ROR<\/jats:italic> was up-regulated in total CIDP and total GBS cases compared with controls, in sex-based comparisons, it was only up-regulated in male CIDP cases compared with male controls (RME\u2009=\u20093.06, P\u2009=\u20090.03). Finally, expression of <jats:italic>MEG3<\/jats:italic> was up-regulated in all subgroups of patients versus controls except for male GBS controls. <jats:italic>SPRY4-IT<\/jats:italic> could differentiate CIDP cases from controls with AUC\u2009=\u20090.84, sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.63 and specificity\u2009=\u20090.97. AUC values of <jats:italic>DSCAM-AS1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MEG3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HULC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PVT1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LINC-ROR<\/jats:italic> were 0.80, 0.75, 0.74, 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. In differentiation between GBS cases and controls, <jats:italic>SPRY4-IT<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DSCAM-AS1<\/jats:italic> has the AUC value of 0.8. None of lncRNAs could appropriately differentiate between CIDP and GBS cases. Combination of all lncRNAs could not significantly enhance the diagnostic power. Taken together, these lncRNAs might be involved in the development of CIDP or GBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95466-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T10:10:36Z","timestamp":1628503836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dysregulation of lncRNAs in autoimmune neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Gholipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Mehvari Habibabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naghme","family":"Nazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arezou","family":"Sayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soudeh","family":"Ghafouri-Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"95466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309697","volume":"86","author":"EK Mathey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathey, E. 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