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This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to analyze the possible association between vitamin D and ovarian reserve among adolescent and adult women. All eligible studies identified through the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were included up to May 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis model was implemented and a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 38 papers covering 8608 individuals were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was significantly lower among Asians (WMD \u2212\u00a00.65; 95% CI \u2212\u00a01.28 to \u2212\u00a00.01; P\u2009=\u20090.04; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.0%) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher in non-Asians (WMD 2.16\u00a0IU\/L; 95% CI 0.20 to 4.12; P\u2009=\u20090.031; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20099.3%) with vitamin D insufficiency\/deficiency. Also, there was a negative correlation between vitamin D and LH\/FSH ratio in women with normal body mass index (BMI) (Fisher\u2019s Z: \u2212\u00a00.18; 95% CI \u2212\u00a00.37 to \u2212\u00a00.008; P\u2009=\u20090.041; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200951.5%). Although there were no significant associations between serum vitamin D levels and any of the intended ovarian reserve markers, subgroup analyses have found significant findings regarding AFC, LH, and LH\/FSH ratio. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in female reproduction, further attempts are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95481-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T10:02:56Z","timestamp":1628244176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between vitamin D and ovarian reserve"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elham","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Rafiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"95481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick, M. 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