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Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is reported to enhance DE in non-PCOS endometrial stromal cells (eSC\n                    <jats:sub>Ctrl<\/jats:sub>\n                    ); however, this has not been assessed in PCOS cells (eSC\n                    <jats:sub>PCOS<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Therefore, we studied the transcriptome profile of non-decidualized (non-DE) and DE eSCs from women with PCOS and Ctrl in response to short-term estradiol (E2) and\/or progesterone (P4) exposure with\/without (\u00b1) DHT. The non-DE eSCs were subjected to E2\u2009\u00b1\u2009DHT treatment, whereas the DE (0.5\u00a0mM 8-Br-cAMP, 96\u00a0h) eSCs were post-treated with E2 and P4\u2009\u00b1\u2009DHT, and RNA-sequenced. Validation was performed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, regardless of treatment, the PCOS and Ctrl samples clustered separately. The comparison of DE vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    non-DE eSC\n                    <jats:sub>PCOS<\/jats:sub>\n                    without DHT revealed PCOS-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in mitochondrial function and progesterone signaling. When further adding DHT, we detected altered responses for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), inflammation, and androgen signaling\n                    <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall, the results highlight an underlying defect in decidualized eSC\n                    <jats:sub>PCOS<\/jats:sub>\n                    , present with or without DHT exposure, and possibly linked to the altered pregnancy outcomes. We also report novel factors which elucidate the mechanisms of endometrial dysfunction in PCOS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95705-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T06:09:03Z","timestamp":1628662143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Decidualized endometrial stromal cells present with altered androgen response in PCOS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masuma","family":"Khatun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin","family":"Meltsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darja","family":"Lavogina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Loid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiu","family":"Kask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riikka K.","family":"Arffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henna-Riikka","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"L\u00e4ttekivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kersti","family":"J\u00e4\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaarel","family":"Krjut\u0161kov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ago","family":"Rinken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Salumets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi T.","family":"Piltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"95705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw025","volume":"22","author":"AH Balen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balen, A. 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