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This study combined the use of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B protein (S100B) with imaging tools to confirm the role of serum biomarkers in evaluating the cerebral vessel reactivity after carotid artery stenting (CAS). After CAS, the serum concentrations of GFAP and S100B increased to the peak at 24\u00a0h after operation, and then gradually decreased. The mean flow velocity (MFV) (pre-operation, post-operation, 30\u00a0days follow-up: 47.65\u2009\u00b1\u200917.24\u00a0cm\/s, 62.37\u2009\u00b1\u200918.25\u00a0cm\/s, 70.29\u2009\u00b1\u200916.89\u00a0cm\/s; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and pulsatility index (PI) (pre-operation, post-operation, 30\u00a0days follow-up: 0.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21, 0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19, 1.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increased significantly in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery after CAS. At the 30-day follow-up, the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) (post-operation, 30\u00a0days follow-up: 27.47\u2009\u00b1\u200912.13\u00a0cm\/s, 31.92\u2009\u00b1\u200910.94\u00a0cm\/s; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) improved significantly. In patients with different degrees of stenosis, the more severe the stenosis in the carotid artery, the more obvious the improvement of CVR at the 30\u00a0days of follow-up (CVR changes: 11.08\u2009\u00b1\u20097.95\u00a0cm\/s, Kendall\u2019s tau-b\u2009=\u20090.645, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). And the serum concentrations of GFAP (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.629, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and S100B (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.604, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) correlated negatively with CVR at 30\u00a0days after CAS. Therefore, we recommend using the biomarkers GFAP and S100B associated with imaging tools such as transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the cerebral vessel reactivity following CAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95867-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T10:09:03Z","timestamp":1628676543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein B correlates cerebral vessel reactivity following carotid artery stenting"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8462-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duozi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"95867_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912321","volume":"363","author":"TG Brott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brott, T. 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