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Here, we show that chronic social defeat stress (SDS) in rats induces prolonged social avoidance, alterations in sleep architecture (increased total rapid eye movement [REM] sleep duration, bout, and shortened REM latency), and contextual but not cued fear memory deficits, even 1\u00a0month after the last SDS. These abnormalities were associated with changes in electroencephalography (EEG) spectral powers, including reduced REM sleep theta power during the light phase. Chronic treatment with two different classes of antidepressants (ADs), imipramine and fluoxetine, significantly ameliorated these behavioral, sleep, and EEG abnormalities. Interestingly, REM theta power was normalized by chronic (1\u00a0month) but not 1\u00a0week AD administration and solely correlated with the ratio (an objective indicator) of social interaction 1\u00a0month after the last SDS. These data suggest that reductions in REM sleep theta power, an EEG parameter that has never been directly investigated in humans, is a core sleep symptom in socially defeated rats, and, potentially, also in patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96094-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T10:14:09Z","timestamp":1629281649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chronic antidepressant treatment rescues abnormally reduced REM sleep theta power in socially defeated rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takiko","family":"Shinozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Nihonmatsu-Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Shinba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Tatebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"96094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1969.tb06203.x","volume":"45","author":"D Kupfer","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kupfer, D., Harrow, M. & Detre, T. 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