{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:16:42Z","timestamp":1772209002357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Technology Planning Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2018KY619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018KY619"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aimed to investigate the characteristics of female HPV infection in the Shangcheng District, Hangzhou city, China. The retrospective study was designed to analyze the HPV prevalence rate of 22,382 women receiving physical examinations from 2016 to 2020 in the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou city in China. A commercial kit was designed to detect the HPV genotypes. Trends were examined for age-specific groups (\u2264\u200930\u00a0years, 31\u201344\u00a0years, 45\u201354\u00a0years, 55\u201364\u00a0years, \u2009\u2265\u200965\u00a0years). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the correlation of age classification in high risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. 22.41% (5015\/22,382) of samples were HPV positive, 91.28% (4578\/5015) of HPV positive women were infected by HR-HPV. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were 16, 52, 18, 58, 56, and 51. The trend of HPV prevalence showed the significant differences in age-specific groups (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009164.70, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, the areas under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.712 in 55\u201364\u00a0years group which showed a strong contribution of age classification for HR-HPV infection. This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of HPV infection and the critical age group of HR-HPV prevalence rate was 55\u201364\u00a0y among the samples receiving physical examinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96131-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T10:03:52Z","timestamp":1629108232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women receiving physical examinations in the Shangcheng District, Hangzhou city, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihe","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"96131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.12.008","volume":"32","author":"JG Baseman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baseman, J. G. & Koutsky, L. A. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections. J. Clin. Virol. 32, 16\u201324 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"96131_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"189","author":"JMM Walboomers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walboomers, J. M. M. et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J. Pathol. 189, 12\u201319 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"32","key":"96131_CR3","first-page":"10061","volume":"15","author":"M Salcedo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salcedo, M. et al. Human papillomavirus genotypes among females in Mexico: A study from the mexican institute for social security. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 15(32), 10061\u201310066 (2014).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"96131_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27608","volume":"132","author":"CM Wheeler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wheeler, C. M. et al. A population-based study of human papillomavirus genotype prevalence in the United States: Baseline measures prior to mass human papillomavirus vaccination. Int. J. Cancer 132(1), 198\u2013207 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"96131_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000201","volume":"41","author":"L Jing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing, L. et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Guangdong Province, China: A population-based survey of 78,355 women. Sex. Transm. Dis. 41, 732\u2013738 (2014).","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"96131_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.11.026","volume":"109","author":"ZR Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sun, Z. R. et al. Characteristics of HPV prevalence among women in Liaoning province, China. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr. 109, 105\u2013109 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr."},{"key":"96131_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.07.032","volume":"120","author":"W Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, W. et al. Detection of human papillomavirus genotypes associated with mucopurulent cervicitis and cervical cancer in Changchun, China. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr. 120, 124\u2013126 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr."},{"key":"96131_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.08.010","volume":"112","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer or high-grade precancerous lesions in Chengdu, western China. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr. 112, 131\u2013134 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetr."},{"key":"96131_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.028","volume":"476","author":"D Bzhalava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bzhalava, D., Eklund, C. & Dillner, J. International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types. Virology 476, 341\u2013344 (2015).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"96131_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-15","volume":"29","author":"EM Burd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burd, E. M. Human papillomavirus laboratory testing: The changing paradigm. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 29, 291\u2013319 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"96131_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i4.744","volume":"5","author":"SL McGraw","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGraw, S. L. & Ferrante, J. M. Update on prevention and screening of cervical cancer. World J. Clin. Oncol. 5, 744\u2013752 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"96131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021641","volume":"348","author":"N Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz, N. et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 348(6), 518\u2013527 (2003).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"96131_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8","volume":"10","author":"V Bouvard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bouvard, V. et al. A review of human carcinogens\u2013PartB: Biological agents. Lancet Oncol. 10, 321\u2013322 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"96131_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1086\/657321","volume":"202","author":"L Bruni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruni, L. et al. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: Meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J. Infect. Dis. 202, 1789\u20131799 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"96131_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0594-3","volume":"13","author":"TR Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martins, T. R. et al. HPV genotype distribution in Brazilian women with and without cervical lesions: Correlation to cytological data. Virol. J. 13(1), 138 (2016).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"96131_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp471","volume":"21","author":"M Arbyn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arbyn, M. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening. Second edition\u2014summary document. Ann. Oncol. 21, 448\u2013458 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"96131_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12183","volume":"138","author":"P Basu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Basu, P. et al. Management algorithms for cervical cancer screening and precancer treatment for resource-limited settings. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 138, 26\u201332 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"1","key":"96131_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27608","volume":"132","author":"CM Wheeler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wheeler, C. M. et al. New Mexico HPV Pap Registry: A population-based study of human papillomavirus genotype prevalence in the United States: Baseline measures prior to mass human papillomavirus vaccination. Int. J. Cancer 132(1), 198\u2013207 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"96131_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0998-5","volume":"15","author":"R Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, R. et al. Nationwide prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and viral genotype distribution in 37 cities in China. BMC Infect. Dis. 15, 257 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"96131_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-558","volume":"8","author":"RG Ursu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ursu, R. G. et al. HPV prevalence and type distribution in women with or without cervical lesions in the northeast region of Romania. Virol. J. 8(1), 558 (2011).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"96131_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000201","volume":"41","author":"L Jing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing, L. et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Guangdong Province, China: A population-based survey of 78,355 women. Sex. Transm. Dis. 41, 732\u2013738 (2014).","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"96131_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24075","volume":"87","author":"S Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, S. et al. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in HPV-infected women in Beijing, China. J. Med. Virol. 87, 504\u2013507 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"96131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.05.49","volume":"4","author":"XX Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng, X. X. et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among Hakka women in China. Ann. Transl. Med. 4, 276 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"96131_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.14971","volume":"7","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng, Z. et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in China: analysis of 51,345 HPV genotyping results from China\u2019s largest CAP certified laboratory. J. Cancer 7, 1037\u20131043 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"96131_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24899","volume":"90","author":"C Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Huang, J., Wu, Z., Mei, X. & Shi, W. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among females in the suburb of Shanghai, China. J. Med. Virol. 90, 157\u2013164 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"96131_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.04.013","volume":"60","author":"SN Tabrizi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tabrizi, S. N. et al. HPV genotype prevalence in Australian women undergoing routine cervical screening by cytology status prior to implementation of an HPV vaccination program. J. Clin. Virol. 60, 250\u2013256 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"96131_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir341","volume":"204","author":"S Hariri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hariri, S. et al. Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among females in the United States, the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003\u20132006. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 566\u2013573 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"96131_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6487-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge, Y. et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection of 65,613 women in East China. BMC Public Health 19, 178 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"96131_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3687-y","volume":"19","author":"XW Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan, X. W. et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among 9945 women from the Nanhai area of Foshan. BMC Infect. Dis. 19, 71 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"96131_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.01.011","volume":"10","author":"TY Zhong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhong, T. Y. et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among 71,435 women in Jiangxi Province, China. J. Infect. Public Health 10, 783\u2013788 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"96131_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1223","volume":"18","author":"KN Althoff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Althoff, K. N. et al. Correlates of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus detection in perimenopausal women. J. Womens Health (Larchmt) 18(9), 1341\u20131346 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"4","key":"96131_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.13","volume":"87","author":"B Karanam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karanam, B. et al. Developing vaccines against minor capsid antigen L2 to prevent papillomavirus infection. Immunol. Cell Biol. 87(4), 287\u2013299 (2009).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"96131_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.027","volume":"49","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferlay, J. et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur. J. Cancer. 49, 1374\u20131403 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer."},{"key":"96131_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31043","volume":"142","author":"P Basu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Basu, P. et al. Status of implementation and organization of cancer screening in the European Union member states-summary results from the second European screening report. Int. J. Cancer. 142, 44\u201356 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96131-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96131-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96131-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T12:36:36Z","timestamp":1670070996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96131-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["96131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-96131-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16538"}}