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This study carried out a comparative analysis between the loading and unloading model testing, which was then combined with PFC<jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup> simulation, aiming to reveal the fracture propagation pattern, microscopic stress and force chain distribution of the rock mass surrounding the tunnel. Comparisons of extents and development of tensile strain between loading and unloading testing results were made. The overall stability, the integrity of rock mass, and the failure pattern transition under loading and unloading processes were systematically examined. 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