{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:17:30Z","timestamp":1785820650145,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006234","name":"Sandia National Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221096\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221096\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006234","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006234","name":"Sandia National Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221096\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221096\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006234","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patterns of respiratory virus illness are expressed differently between temperate and tropical climates. Tropical outbreaks often peak in wet seasons. Temperate outbreaks typically peak during the winter. The prevailing causal hypotheses focus on sunlight, temperature and humidity variations. Yet no consistent factors have been identified to sufficiently explain seasonal virus emergence and decline at any latitude. Here we demonstrate close connections among global-scale atmospheric circulations, IgE antibody enhancement through seasonal pollen inhalation, and respiratory virus patterns at any populated latitude, with a focus on the US. Pollens emerge each Spring, and the renewed IgE titers in the population are argued to terminate each winter peak of respiratory illness. Globally circulated airborne viruses are postulated to subsequently deposit across the Southern US during lower zonal geostrophic winds each late Summer. This seasonally refreshed viral load is postulated to trigger a new influenza outbreak, once the existing IgE antibodies diminish to a critical value each Fall. Our study offers a new and consistent explanation for the seasonal diminishment of respiratory viral illnesses in temperate climates, the subdued seasonal signature in the tropics, the annually circulated virus phenotypes, and the northerly migration of influenza across the US every year. Our integrated geospatial and IgE hypothesis provides a new perspective for prediction, mitigation and prevention of the outbreak and spread of seasonal respiratory viruses including Covid-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96282-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T10:03:20Z","timestamp":1629453800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pollen antigens and atmospheric circulation driven seasonal respiratory viral outbreak and its implication to the Covid-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"46","key":"96282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607747113","volume":"113","author":"ER Deyle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deyle, E. R., Maher, M. C., Hernandez, R. D., Basu, S. & Sugihara, G. Global environmental drivers of influenza. PNAS 113(46), 13081\u201313086 (2016).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"6","key":"96282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007175","volume":"134","author":"JJ Cannell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cannell, J. J. et al. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol. Infect. 134(6), 1129\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268806007175 (2006).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"11","key":"96282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005844","volume":"13","author":"J Shaman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaman, J., Kandula, S., Yang, W. & Karspeck, A. The use of ambient humidity conditions to improve influenza forecast. PLoS Comput. Biol. 13(11), e1005844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005844 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"96282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.06.001","volume":"64","author":"JA Woodfolk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woodfolk, J. A., Commins, S. P., Schuyler, A. J., Erwin, E. A. & Platts-Mills, T. A. E. Allergens, sources, particles, and molecules: Why do we make IgE responses?. Allergol. Int. 64, 295\u2013303 (2015).","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"96282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.13653083.2005.01710.x","volume":"62","author":"KA Brokstad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brokstad, K. A. et al. Influenza specific serum IgE is present in non-allergic subjects. Scand. J. Immunol. 62, 560\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.13653083.2005.01710.x (2005).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"96282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S34152","volume":"5","author":"TA Smith-Norowitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith-Norowitz, T. A. et al. Long-term persistence of IgE anti-influenza A HIN1 virus antibodies in serum of children and adults following influenza A vaccination with subsequent H1N1 infection: A case study. J. Inflamm. Res. 5, 111\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S34152 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"96282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-111631","volume":"82","author":"IK Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, I. K. et al. Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitors in Korean Papaver rhoeas bee pollen contributing to anti-influenza activities in vitro. Planta Med. 82, 524\u2013529 (2016).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"96282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/antib8010019","volume":"8","author":"BJ Sutton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sutton, B. J., Davies, A. M., Bax, H. J. & Karagiannis, S. N. IgE antibodies: From structure to function and clinical translation. Antib. Rev. 8, 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antib8010019 (2019).","journal-title":"Antib. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"96282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.3.494","volume":"11","author":"WQ Hammand","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hammand, W. Q., Raddatz, R. L. & Gelskey, D. E. Impact of atmospheric dispersion and transport of viral aerosols on the epidemiology of influenza. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11(3), 494\u2013497 (1989).","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"96282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2018.95","volume":"840","author":"ES Asmolov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asmolov, E. S., Dubov, A. L., Nizkaya, T. V., Harting, J. & Vinogradova, O. I. Inertial focusing of finite-size particles in microchannels. J. Fluid Mech. 840, 613\u2013630 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"96282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.08.056","volume":"1465","author":"J Vajda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vajda, J., Weber, D., Brekel, D., Hundt, B. & M\u00fcller, E. Size distribution analysis of influenza virus particles using size exclusion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1465, 117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.08.056 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"96282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(06)66005-3","volume":"66","author":"PS Masters","year":"2006","unstructured":"Masters, P. S. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv. Virus Res. 66, 193\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-3527(06)66005-3 (2006).","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"96282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.Supplement_1.S15","volume":"170","author":"WJ Bellini","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bellini, W. J., Rota, J. S. & Rota, P. A. Virology of measles virus. J. Infect. Dis. 170(Suppl 1), S15-23 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"96282_CR14","unstructured":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/measles-virus\/ (2021)."},{"key":"96282_CR15","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.whatarebacteria.com\/size-of-bacteria\/ (2021)."},{"key":"96282_CR16","unstructured":"http:\/\/www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk\/pollen\/index2.htm (2011)."},{"key":"96282_CR17","series-title":"Reviews in Minerology and Geochemistry","volume-title":"Nanoparticles and the Environment","author":"C Anastasio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anastasio, C. & Martin, S. T. Atmospheric nanoparticles. In Nanoparticles and the Environment Vol. 44 (eds Banfield, J. F. & Navrotsky, A.) (Minerological Society of America Geochemical Society, 2001)."},{"key":"96282_CR18","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change","author":"SM Kreidenweis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kreidenweis, S. M. et al. Aerosols and clouds. In Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change (eds Brasseur, G. P. et al.) 117\u2013155 (Oxford University Press, 1999)."},{"key":"96282_CR19","volume-title":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Oxford Specialist Handbooks)","author":"T Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen, T. & White, P. Transmission-dynamic models of infectious diseases. In Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Oxford Specialist Handbooks) (eds Abubakar, I. et al.) (Oxford University Press, 2016)."},{"issue":"15","key":"96282_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00293-12","volume":"86","author":"TW Whon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whon, T. W. et al. Metagenomic characterization of airborne viral DNA diversity in the near-surface atmosphere. J. Virol. 86(15), 8221\u20138231 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"96282_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-017-0042-4","author":"I Reche","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reche, I., D\u2019Orta, G., Mladenov, N., Winget, D. M. & Suttle, C. A. Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer. ISME J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-017-0042-4 (2018).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"96282_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm012","author":"WJ Alonso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alonso, W. J. et al. Seasonality of influenza in Brazil: A traveling wave from the Amazon to the subtropics. Am. J. Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwm012 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"96282_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002383","volume":"119","author":"J Tamerius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamerius, J. et al. Global influenza seasonality: Reconciling patterns across temperate and tropical regions. Environ. Health Perspect. 119(4), 439\u2013445 (2011).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"96282_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3484-z","volume":"18","author":"A Almeida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeida, A., Code\u00e7o, C. & Luz, P. Seasonal dynamics of influenza in Brazil: The latitude effect. BMC Infect. Dis. 18, 695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3484-z (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"96282_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/influenza\/seasonal-influenza\/seasonal-influenza-faq#401208 (2021)."},{"key":"96282_CR26","unstructured":"NBC News. \u201cFlu Season is Picking Up, Particularly in the South and the West, CDC Says\u201d. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/health\/cold-and-flu\/flu-season-picking-particularly-south-west-cdc-says-n1089631. 22 Nov 2019."},{"key":"96282_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005382","author":"V Charu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Charu, V. et al. Human mobility and the spatial transmission of influenza in the United States. PLOS Comput. Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005382 (2017).","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"96282_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132006000500013","volume":"49","author":"H Behling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Behling, H. & Negrelle, R. R. B. Vegetation and pollen rain relationship from the tropical Atlantic Rain Forest in Southern Brazil. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. Int. J. 49(4), 631\u2013642 (2006).","journal-title":"Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"96282_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8707(44)90160-7","author":"JB Greco","year":"1943","unstructured":"Greco, J. B. & Lima, A. O. The pollen content of the air in Rio De Janeiro. Brazil. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-8707(44)90160-7 (1943).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"96282_CR30","unstructured":"New Mexico Department of Health. Epidemiology and Response Division. www.nmhealth.org (data provided by staff directly)."},{"key":"96282_CR31","unstructured":"City of Albuquerque, Environmental Health Department. Air Quality Program. https:\/\/www.cabq.gov\/airquality (data provided by staff directly)."},{"key":"96282_CR32","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control (CDC). https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/grasp\/fluview\/fluportaldashboard.html (2020)."},{"key":"96282_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30015-4","volume":"3","author":"Ziska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziska, et al. Temperature-related changes in airborne allergenic pollen abundance and seasonality across the northern hemisphere: A retrospective data analysis. Lancet Planet Health 3, e124\u2013e131 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"96282_CR34","unstructured":"Weather.gov site https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/abq\/ (2020)."},{"key":"96282_CR35","unstructured":"University of California at Riverside (UCAR). Integration of ERAI Satellite Reanalyses Products. http:\/\/www.cgd.ucar.edu\/cas\/catalog\/newbudgets\/index.html#ERBEFs\u2014file \u2018ERAI.LEDIV.1979\u20132014.nc (2015)."},{"key":"96282_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.12.019","volume":"103","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Bielory, L., Cai, T., Mi, Z. & Georgopoulus, P. Predicting onset and duration of airborne allergenic pollen season in the United States. Atmos. Environ. 103, 297\u2013306 (2015).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"96282_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.056","volume":"139","author":"MG Lawrence","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lawrence, M. G. et al. Half-life of IgE in serum and skin: Consequences for anti-IgE therapy in patients with allergic disease. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 139(2), 422\u2013428 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"96282_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2013.1074","volume":"13","author":"DJ Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, D. J. Microbes in the upper atmosphere and unique opportunities for astrobiology research. Astrobiology 13(10), 981\u2013990 (2013).","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"issue":"5874","key":"96282_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154137","volume":"320","author":"Russell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Russell, et al. The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Science 320(5874), 342\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1154137 (2008).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"96282_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000024226","volume":"120","author":"KH Roux","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roux, K. H. Immunoglobulin structure and function as revealed by electron microscopy. Review. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 120, 85\u201399 (1999).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"96282_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.8.4083","volume":"161","author":"KH Roux","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roux, K. H., Strelets, L., Brekke, O. H., Sandlie, I. & Michaelsen, E. E. Comparisons of the ability of human IgG3 hinge mutants, IgM, IgE, and IgA2, to form small immune complexes: a role for flexibility and geometry. J. Immunol. 161, 4083\u20134090 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"96282_CR42","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control (CDC). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/surveillance\/nrevss\/coronavirus\/natl-trends.html (2020)."},{"key":"96282_CR43","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) US data at FluNet. www.who.int\/flunet"},{"key":"96282_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00793-6","volume":"7","author":"SK Chothe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chothe, S. K. et al. Avian and human influenza virus compatible sialic acid receptors in little brown bats. Sci. Rep. 7, 660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-00793-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"96282_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122438","volume":"312","author":"B Olsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olsen, B. et al. Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science 312, 384\u2013388 (2006).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"96282_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37186-2","volume":"9","author":"HMR Price","year":"2019","unstructured":"Price, H. M. R., Graham, R. & Ramalingam, S. Association between viral seasonality and meteorological factors. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201311 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"96282_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445","volume":"7","author":"M Moriyama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moriyama, M., Hugentobler, W. J. & Iwasaki, A. Seasonality of respiratory viral infections. Annu. Rev. Virol. 7, 21\u2013219 (2020).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"96282_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5793","volume":"368","author":"SM Kissler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kissler, S. M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y. H. & Lipsitch, M. Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period. Science 368, 860\u2013868 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"96282_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.07.20032524","author":"B Diao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diao, B. et al. Diagnosis of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by detection of nucleocapsid protein. medRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.07.20032524 (2020).","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"96282_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2018.04.007","volume":"24","author":"AHL Bruning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bruning, A. H. L. et al. Rapid detection and monitoring of human coronavirus infections. New Microb. New Infect. 24, 52\u201355 (2018).","journal-title":"New Microb. New Infect."},{"key":"96282_CR51","unstructured":"Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza Virologic Surveillance Right Size Roadmap, 1st edn. https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/ID_July2013_Influenza-Virologic-Surveillance-Right-Size-Roadmap.pdf#search=right%20side%20roadmap (2013)."},{"key":"96282_CR52","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC) notice of suspension of ILI mapping over the 2020\u201321 influenza season. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/weekly\/overview.htm#anchor_1568388833450 Downloaded 31 December 2020."},{"key":"96282_CR53","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Maintaining surveillance of influenza and monitoring SARS-CoV-2\u2014adapting Global Influenza surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and sentinel systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: Interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (WHO\/2019-nCoV\/ Adapting_GISRS\/2020.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/maintaining-surveillance-of-influenza-and-monitoring-sars-cov-2-adapting-global-influenza-surveillance-and-response-system-(gisrs)-and-sentinel-systems-during-the-covid-19-pandemic downloaded 31 December, 2020."},{"key":"96282_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18150-z","volume":"11","author":"CJ Carlson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carlson, C. J., Gomez, A. C. R., Bansal, S. & Ryan, S. J. Misconceptions about weather and seasonality must not misguide COVID-19 response. Nat. Commun. 11, 4312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18150-z (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"96282_CR55","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, 2021. Estimated ICU Beds Occupied by State Timeseries. At HealthData.gov healthdata.gov\/dataset\/covid-19-estimated-patient-impact-and-hospital-capacity-state\/resource\/82e733c6\u20137baa-4c65#{} (2021)"},{"key":"96282_CR56","unstructured":"Evans, M., Lovett, I., & Mai-Duc, C. It\u2019s a desperate time\u2019: Crush of Covid-19 patients strains U.S. hospitals. Wall Street J. (2021)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96282-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96282-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96282-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T18:54:52Z","timestamp":1673117692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-96282-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["96282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-96282-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16945"}}