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We used RNA sequencing of two-cycle sorted Pirt-positive neurons to identify genes exclusively expressing in L3\u2013L5 DRG, T10-L1 DRG, NG\/JG, and TG mouse ganglion neurons. Transcription factor <jats:italic>Phox2b<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Efcab6<\/jats:italic> are specifically expressed in NG\/JG while <jats:italic>Hoxa7<\/jats:italic> is exclusively present in both T10-L1 and L3\u2013L5 DRG neurons. <jats:italic>Cyp2f2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Krt18,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ptgds<\/jats:italic>, along with pituitary hormone prolactin (<jats:italic>Prl<\/jats:italic>), growth hormone (<jats:italic>Gh<\/jats:italic>), and proopiomelanocortin (<jats:italic>Pomc<\/jats:italic>) encoding genes are almost exclusively in TG neurons. Immunohistochemistry confirmed selective expression of these hormones in TG neurons and dural nerves; and showed GH expression in subsets of TRPV1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CGRP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TG neurons. We next examined GH roles in hypersensitivity in the spinal versus trigeminal systems. Exogenous GH produced mechanical hypersensitivity when injected intrathecally, but not intraplantarly. GH-induced thermal hypersensitivity was not detected in the spinal system. GH dose-dependently generated orofacial and headache-like periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity after administration into masseter muscle and dura, respectively. Periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity was reversed by a GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant. Overall, pituitary hormone genes are selective for TG versus other ganglia somatotypes; and GH has distinctive functional significance in the trigeminal versus spinal systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97084-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T10:02:46Z","timestamp":1631095366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pituitary hormones are specifically expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons and contribute to pain responses in the trigeminal system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anahit H.","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonwi","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mecklenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Ann","family":"Barba-Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilinn","family":"Tram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shannonhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korri","family":"Weldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Ruparel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei V.","family":"Tumanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Shin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen N.","family":"Akopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"97084_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.587699","volume":"8","author":"S Vermeiren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vermeiren, S., Bellefroid, E. 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