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We appraised the association of IL-1 family members\/receptors with lung cancer and its subtypes [lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC)] using two-sample Mendelian randomization. This study found that no IL-1 family members\/receptors were significantly associated with lung cancer and its subtypes risk after correction for multiple testing. However, suggestive total effects of increased risk were noted for genetically predicted IL-1Racp with lung cancer (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), IL-1\u03b1 with LUAD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027), and IL-1Racp with LUSC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Suggestive direct effects were also noted for IL-1\u03b2, IL-1Ra, IL-36\u03b3 with lung cancer, IL-1\u03b1\/\u03b2, IL-1Ra with LUAD, and IL-1\u03b2, IL-18BP with LUSC, after adjusting for genetically predicted effects of other IL-1 family members\/receptors. Taken together, our findings suggest that interventions decreasing IL-1Racp might protect against lung cancer, perhaps via IL-1\u03b1\/\u03b2 or IL-1Ra.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97099-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T14:32:14Z","timestamp":1632407534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mendelian randomization study of interleukin (IL)-1 family and lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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