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This study was aimed to investigate the optimal single sampling time-point for monitoring praziquantel exposure. This was intensive pharmacokinetic study conducted among 32 <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infected children treated with an oral standard single-dose 40\u00a0mg\/kg praziquantel. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8\u00a0h post-praziquantel administration. Quantification of praziquantel and its enantiomers (<jats:italic>R-<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S-<\/jats:italic>praziquantel) concentrations was done by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC\u2013MS\/MS). The correlation between area under the plasma concentration\u2013time curve from 0 to 8\u00a0h (AUC<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>) and plasma concentrations at each specific sampling time-point was determined by Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The median age (range) of the study population was 12.5\u00a0years (10\u201317). The study participants were 17 males and 15 females. Both total praziquantel and its enantiomers (<jats:italic>R-<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S-<\/jats:italic>praziquantel) displayed a wide inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. Regression analysis indicated that, plasma concentrations collected at 4\u00a0h post-dose had a significantly highest correlation with the AUC<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub> for both total praziquantel (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.81, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:italic>S-<\/jats:italic>praziquantel (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.84, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than any other sampling time-point; while for <jats:italic>R-<\/jats:italic>praziquantel, plasma concentrations collected at 6\u00a0h sampling time-point had a significantly highest correlation with the AUC<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub> (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.79, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than any other sampling time-point. Four hours sampling time-point post-praziquantel administration is ideal optimal single sampling time-point for therapeutic monitoring of total praziquantel exposure while 6\u00a0h sampling time-point is suitable for monitoring of a pharmacologically active <jats:italic>R-<\/jats:italic>praziquantel enantiomer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97409-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1631181984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimal single sampling time-point for monitoring of praziquantel exposure in children"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rajabu Hussein","family":"Mnkugwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliford","family":"Ngaimisi Kitabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safari","family":"Kinung\u2019hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Appolinary A. 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