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This approach finds many applications in various science and engineering branches but is not proper for causal estimation because it requires knowledge of the signal\u2019s past and future. However, several problems require real-time estimation of phase and amplitude; an illustrative example is phase-locked or amplitude-dependent stimulation in neuroscience. In this paper, we discuss and compare three causal algorithms that do not rely on the Hilbert Transform but exploit well-known physical phenomena, the synchronization and the resonance. After testing the algorithms on a synthetic data set, we illustrate their performance computing phase and amplitude for the accelerometer tremor measurements and a Parkinsonian patient\u2019s beta-band brain activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97560-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:03:22Z","timestamp":1631268202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Real-time estimation of phase and amplitude with application to neural data"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkady","family":"Pikovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes L.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"97560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119991656","volume-title":"Hilbert Transform Applications in Mechanical Vibration","author":"M Feldman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feldman, M. 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