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We examined eight anthropometrics in 1404 Thai participants varying in sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity\/expression: heterosexual men and women, gay men, lesbian women, bisexual women, <jats:italic>sao praphet song<\/jats:italic> (transgender birth-assigned males), <jats:italic>toms<\/jats:italic> (transgender birth-assigned females), and <jats:italic>dees<\/jats:italic> (birth-assigned females attracted to <jats:italic>toms<\/jats:italic>). Exploratory factor analyses indicated the biomarkers should be analyzed independently. Using regressions, in birth-assigned males, less male-typical second-to-fourth digit ratios in the left hand were associated with sexual orientation towards men regardless of gender identity\/expression, whereas shorter height and long-bone growth in the arms and legs were more evident among <jats:italic>sao praphet song<\/jats:italic>\u2014who are both sexually oriented towards men and markedly feminine. In birth-assigned females, there were no clear sexual orientation effects, but there were possible gender-related effects. Groups of individuals who tend to be more masculine (i.e., <jats:italic>toms<\/jats:italic>, lesbians) showed more male-typical patterns on weight and leg length than some groups of individuals who tend to be less masculine (i.e., heterosexual women, <jats:italic>dees<\/jats:italic>). Thus, it appears the various anthropometrics inform separate biodevelopmental processes that differentially relate to sexual orientation and gender identity\/expression depending on the measure in question as well as birth-assigned sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97845-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T10:03:34Z","timestamp":1631786614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["An anthropometric study of sexual orientation and gender identity in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malvina N.","family":"Skorska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Coome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Peragine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doug P.","family":"VanderLaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"97845_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa055","volume":"161","author":"SE Arambula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arambula, S. 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