{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:58:21Z","timestamp":1769083101610,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIA ECM-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA ECM-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1190848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ependymal cells have multiple apical cilia that line the ventricular surfaces and the central canal of spinal cord. In cancer, the loss of ependymal cell polarity promotes the formation of different types of tumors, such as supratentorial anaplastic ependymomas, which are highly aggressive in children. IIIG9 (PPP1R32) is a protein restricted to adult ependymal cells located in cilia and in the apical cytoplasm and has unknown function. In this work, we studied the expression and localization of IIIG9 in the adherens junctions (cadherin\/\u03b2-catenin-positive junctions) of adult brain ependymal cells using confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Through in vivo loss-of-function studies, ependymal denudation (single-dose injection experiments of inhibitory adenovirus) was observed, inducing the formation of ependymal cells with a \u201cballoon-like\u201d morphology. These cells had reduced cadherin expression (and\/or delocalization) and cleavage of the cell death marker caspase-3, with \u201ccilia rigidity\u201d morphology (probably vibrational beating activity) and ventriculomegaly occurring prior to these events. Finally, after performing continuous infusions of adenovirus for 14\u00a0days, we observed total cell denudation and reactive parenchymal astrogliosis. Our data confirmed that IIIG9 is essential for the maintenance of adherens junctions of polarized ependymal cells. Eventually, altered levels of this protein in ependymal cell differentiation may increase ventricular pathologies, such as hydrocephalus or neoplastic transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97948-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T10:04:13Z","timestamp":1631873053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["IIIG9 inhibition in adult ependymal cells changes adherens junctions structure and induces cellular detachment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Baeza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eder","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Nualart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Ferrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"De Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ninoschka","family":"Troncoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Saldivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katterine","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"97948_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.004","volume":"3","author":"Z Mirzadeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirzadeh, Z., Merkle, F. T., Soriano-Navarro, M., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. Neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface in neurogenic regions of the adult brain. Cell Stem Cell 3, 265\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.004 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"97948_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012e2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.056","volume":"28","author":"K Abdi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdi, K. et al. EGFR signaling termination via numb trafficking in ependymal progenitors controls postnatal neurogenic niche differentiation. Cell Rep. 28, 2012e2014-2022e2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.056 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"97948_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.041129","volume":"136","author":"BV Jacquet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jacquet, B. V. et al. FoxJ1-dependent gene expression is required for differentiation of radial glia into ependymal cells and a subset of astrocytes in the postnatal brain. Development 136, 4021\u20134031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.041129 (2009).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"97948_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.029","volume":"71","author":"P Paez-Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paez-Gonzalez, P. et al. Ank3-dependent SVZ niche assembly is required for the continued production of new neurons. Neuron 71, 61\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.029 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"97948_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(92)90063-5","volume":"8","author":"HB Sarnat","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sarnat, H. B. Role of human fetal ependyma. Pediatr. Neurol. 8, 163\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0887-8994(92)90063-5 (1992).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"97948_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440140102","volume":"14","author":"MR Del Bigio","year":"1995","unstructured":"Del Bigio, M. R. The ependyma: A protective barrier between brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Glia 14, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.440140102 (1995).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"97948_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.40.3.648","volume":"40","author":"MW Brightman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Brightman, M. W. & Reese, T. S. Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain. J. Cell Biol. 40, 648\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.40.3.648 (1969).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182a2d5fe","volume":"72","author":"C Oliver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oliver, C. et al. Disruption of CDH2\/N-cadherin-based adherens junctions leads to apoptosis of ependymal cells and denudation of brain ventricular walls. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 72, 846\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182a2d5fe (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"97948_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.051","volume":"20","author":"CJ O'Leary","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary, C. J. et al. Neogenin recruitment of the WAVE regulatory complex to ependymal and radial progenitor adherens junctions prevents hydrocephalus. Cell Rep. 20, 370\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.051 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"97948_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080356","volume":"8","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamamoto, H. et al. Genetic deletion of afadin causes hydrocephalus by destruction of adherens junctions in radial glial and ependymal cells in the midbrain. PLoS One 8, e80356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0080356 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97948_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12354","volume":"14","author":"N Muthusamy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muthusamy, N. et al. MARCKS-dependent mucin clearance and lipid metabolism in ependymal cells are required for maintenance of forebrain homeostasis during aging. Aging Cell 14, 764\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12354 (2015).","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"97948_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28426","DOI":"10.4161\/tisb.28426","volume":"2","author":"AJ Jimenez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jimenez, A. J., Dominguez-Pinos, M. D., Guerra, M. M., Fernandez-Llebrez, P. & Perez-Figares, J. M. Structure and function of the ependymal barrier and diseases associated with ependyma disruption. Tissue Barriers 2, e28426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/tisb.28426 (2014).","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"97948_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.09.001","volume":"8","author":"MD Taylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor, M. D. et al. Radial glia cells are candidate stem cells of ependymoma. Cancer Cell 8, 323\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.09.001 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"97948_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603519","volume":"96","author":"H Poppleton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poppleton, H. & Gilbertson, R. J. Stem cells of ependymoma. Br J Cancer 96, 6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603519 (2007).","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"97948_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602012000300005","volume":"45","author":"EM Rodriguez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodriguez, E. M. et al. A cell junction pathology of neural stem cells leads to abnormal neurogenesis and hydrocephalus. Biol. Res. 45, 231\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0716-97602012000300005 (2012).","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"97948_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2927","volume":"11","author":"TJ Harris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris, T. J. & Tepass, U. Adherens junctions: From molecules to morphogenesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11, 502\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2927 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35618","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035618","volume":"7","author":"AE Ivliev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ivliev, A. E., t Hoen, P. A., van Roon-Mom, W. M., Peters, D. J. & Sergeeva, M. G. Exploring the transcriptome of ciliated cells using in silico dissection of human tissues. PLoS One 7, e35618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035618 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97948_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2009.02.012","volume":"16","author":"A Hendrickx","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hendrickx, A. et al. Docking motif-guided mapping of the interactome of protein phosphatase-1. Chem. Biol. 16, 365\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chembiol.2009.02.012 (2009).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.02.018","volume":"82","author":"M Fardilha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fardilha, M. et al. Identification of the human testis protein phosphatase 1 interactome. Biochem. Pharmacol. 82, 1403\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.02.018 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"97948_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/s1567-133x(01)00012-6","volume":"1","author":"PE Danielson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Danielson, P. E., Sautkulis, L. N., Foye, P. E., Hedlund, P. B. & Carson, M. J. A novel mRNA expressed along brain ventricles. Brain Res. Gene Expr. Patterns 1, 83\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1567-133x(01)00012-6 (2002).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"97948_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0434-5","volume":"55","author":"M Cifuentes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cifuentes, M. et al. Expression of a novel ciliary protein, IIIG9, during the differentiation and maturation of ependymal cells. Mol. Neurobiol. 55, 1652\u20131664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0434-5 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"97948_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.1.91","volume":"113","author":"P Yang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yang, P., Fox, L., Colbran, R. J. & Sale, W. S. Protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are located in distinct positions in the Chlamydomonas flagellar axoneme. J. Cell Sci. 113(Pt 1), 91\u2013102 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"97948_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)92009-4","volume":"92","author":"CA Elam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elam, C. A., Sale, W. S. & Wirschell, M. The regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding in Chlamydomonas flagella by axonemal kinases and phosphatases. Methods Cell Biol. 92, 133\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)92009-4 (2009).","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1177\/44.8.8756761","volume":"44","author":"M Momayezi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Momayezi, M. et al. Immunolocalization of protein phosphatase type 1 in Paramecium cells using antibodies against recombinant protein and peptides. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 44, 891\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/44.8.8756761 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"97948_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/1938","author":"Z Mirzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mirzadeh, Z., Doetsch, F., Sawamoto, K., Wichterle, H. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. The subventricular zone en-face: Wholemount staining and ependymal flow. J. Vis. Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/1938 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"97948_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.3443","volume":"231","author":"M Serres","year":"1997","unstructured":"Serres, M. et al. Hyperphosphorylation of beta-catenin on serine-threonine residues and loss of cell-cell contacts induced by calyculin A and okadaic acid in human epidermal cells. Exp. Cell Res. 231, 163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/excr.1996.3443 (1997).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"97948_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10402","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804102105","volume":"105","author":"A Traweger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Traweger, A. et al. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates the phosphorylation state of the polarity scaffold Par-3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 10402\u201310407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0804102105 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"97948_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rs7","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2005473","volume":"7","author":"Z Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo, Z. et al. E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics. Sci. Signal 7, rs7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.2005473 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal"},{"key":"97948_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52979","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Protein phosphatase 1 activity controls a balance between collective and single cell modes of migration. Elife https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.52979 (2020).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"97948_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199501000-00001","volume":"54","author":"HB Sarnat","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sarnat, H. B. Ependymal reactions to injury. A review. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 54, 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005072-199501000-00001 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"97948_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0762-5","volume":"55","author":"K Salazar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salazar, K. et al. SVCT2 expression and function in reactive astrocytes is a common event in different brain pathologies. Mol. Neurobiol. 55, 5439\u20135452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0762-5 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"97948_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3898","volume":"16","author":"MV Sofroniew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sofroniew, M. V. Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 16, 249\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3898 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"97948_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0992-6","volume":"124","author":"R Roales-Bujan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roales-Bujan, R. et al. Astrocytes acquire morphological and functional characteristics of ependymal cells following disruption of ependyma in hydrocephalus. Acta Neuropathol. 124, 531\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-012-0992-6 (2012).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"97948_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8","volume":"119","author":"MV Sofroniew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sofroniew, M. V. & Vinters, H. V. Astrocytes: Biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 119, 7\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"97948_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.09.022","volume":"105","author":"J Wallmeier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wallmeier, J. et al. De novo mutations in FOXJ1 result in a motile ciliopathy with hydrocephalus and randomization of left\/right body asymmetry. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 105, 1030\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.09.022 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"97948_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.01.011","volume":"254","author":"N Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain, N. et al. Conditional N-WASP knockout in mouse brain implicates actin cytoskeleton regulation in hydrocephalus pathology. Exp. Neurol. 254, 29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.01.011 (2014).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"97948_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2555","volume":"13","author":"F Tissir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tissir, F. et al. Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3 impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 700\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2555 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"97948_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00006","volume":"8","author":"L Veeraval","year":"2020","unstructured":"Veeraval, L., O\u2019Leary, C. J. & Cooper, H. M. Adherens junctions: Guardians of cortical development. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.00006 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200710162","volume":"180","author":"KF Lechtreck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lechtreck, K. F., Delmotte, P., Robinson, M. L., Sanderson, M. J. & Witman, G. B. Mutations in Hydin impair ciliary motility in mice. J. Cell Biol. 180, 633\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200710162 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"97948_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12793","volume":"130","author":"K Salazar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salazar, K. et al. SVCT2 transporter expression is post-natally induced in cortical neurons and its function is regulated by its short isoform. J. Neurochem. 130, 693\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.12793 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"97948_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20133","volume":"50","author":"ML de Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Garcia, M. L. et al. Sodium vitamin C cotransporter SVCT2 is expressed in hypothalamic glial cells. Glia 50, 32\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20133 (2005).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"97948_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2011.10.008","volume":"43","author":"MS Sirerol-Piquer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sirerol-Piquer, M. S. et al. GFP immunogold staining, from light to electron microscopy, in mammalian cells. Micron 43, 589\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micron.2011.10.008 (2012).","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"97948_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01799-5","volume":"97","author":"F Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez, F., Cifuentes, M., Tapia, J. C. & Nualart, F. The median eminence as the hypothalamic area involved in rapid transfer of glucose to the brain: Functional and cellular mechanisms. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) 97, 1085\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-019-01799-5 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"97948_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-1008-2","volume":"139","author":"JM Grondona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grondona, J. M., Granados-Duran, P., Fernandez-Llebrez, P. & Lopez-Avalos, M. D. A simple method to obtain pure cultures of multiciliated ependymal cells from adult rodents. Histochem. Cell Biol. 139, 205\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-012-1008-2 (2013).","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-97948-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-97948-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-97948-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T15:34:21Z","timestamp":1670081661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-97948-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-97948-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18537"}}