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The active ZTO channel layer was prepared by remote plasma reactive sputtering and possesses an amorphous structure. Under sub-bandgap excitation of ZTO with UV light, the photocurrent reaches as high as ~\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> A (a photo-to-dark current ratio of ~\u200910<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>) and remains close to this high value after switching off the light. During this time, the ZTO TFT exhibits strong PPC with long-lasting recovery time, which leads the appearance of the conductor-like behaviour in ZTO semiconductor. In the present case, the conductivity changes over six orders of magnitude, from ~\u200910<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> to 0.92\/\u03a9\/cm. After UV exposure, the ZTO compound can potentially remain in the conducting state for up to a month. The underlying physics of the observed PPC effect is investigated by studying defects (deep states and tail states) by employing a discharge current analysis (DCA) technique. Findings from the DCA study reveal direct evidence for the involvement of sub-bandgap tail states of the ZTO in the strong PPC, while deep states contribute to mild PPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98339-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T20:06:05Z","timestamp":1632945965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Tail state mediated conduction in zinc tin oxide thinfilm phototransistors under below bandgap optical excitation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Soumen","family":"Dhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kham M.","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Flewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arokia","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"98339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200801470","volume":"21","author":"SHK Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park, S. 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