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The expression of angiogenic factors, VEGF, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, TSG-6, TGF-\u03b2, and IDO-1, was significantly higher in the 3D-TMSC-treated group than in the 2D-TMSC-treated group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At days 18 and 30 after inducing chronic colitis, disease activity index scores were estimated to be significantly lower in the 3D-TMSC-treated group than in the colitis control (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively) and 2D-TMSC-treated groups (P\u2009=\u20090.022 and P\u2009=\u20090.004, respectively). Body weight loss was significantly lower in the 3D-TMSC-treated group than in the colitis control (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 2D-TMSC-treated groups (P\u2009=\u20090.005). Colon length shortening was significantly recovered in the 3D-TMSC-treated group compared to that in the 2D-TMSC-treated group (P\u2009=\u20090.001). Histological scoring index was significantly lower in the 3D-TMSC-treated group than in the 2D-TMSC-treated group (P\u2009=\u20090.002). These results indicate that 3D-cultured TMSCs showed considerably higher therapeutic effects in a chronic murine colitis model than those of 2D-cultured TMSCs via increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98711-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1633086174000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Three-dimensional culture method enhances the therapeutic efficacies of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in murine chronic colitis model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eun Mi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang Hee","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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