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A general lack of both effective medical countermeasures and a comprehensive understanding of disease pathogenesis is partly driven by an historical lack of viable CCHF animal models. Recently, a cynomolgous macaque model of CCHF disease was developed. Here, we document the targeted transcriptomic response of non-human primates (NHP) to two different CCHFV strains; Afghan09-2990 and Kosova Hoti that both yielded a mild CCHF disease state. We utilized a targeted gene panel to elucidate the transcriptomic changes occurring in NHP whole blood during CCHFV infection; a first for any primate species. We show numerous upregulated genes starting at 1\u00a0day post-challenge through 14\u00a0days post-challenge. Early gene changes fell predominantly in the interferon stimulated gene family with later gene changes coinciding with an adaptive immune response to the virus. There are subtle differences between viral strains, namely duration of the differentially expressed gene response and biological pathways enriched. After recovery, NHPs showed no lasting transcriptomic changes at the end of sample collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99130-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T20:09:47Z","timestamp":1633637387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Host response transcriptomic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis in the cynomolgus macaque model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darci R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina E.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace D.","family":"Blancett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Minogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"99130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2174\/156652405774962335","volume":"5","author":"R Flick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flick, R. & Whitehouse, C. A. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Curr. Mol. Med. 5, 753\u2013760 (2005).","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"99130_CR2","first-page":"127","volume":"10","author":"S Chinikar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chinikar, S. et al. Genetic diversity of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains from Iran. J. Arthropod Borne Dis. 10, 127\u2013140 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Arthropod Borne Dis."},{"key":"99130_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.12.001","volume":"105","author":"K Tsergouli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsergouli, K., Karampatakis, T., Haidich, A. B., Metallidis, S. & Papa, A. Nosocomial infections caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. J. Hosp. Infect. 105, 43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.12.001 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hosp. 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The clinical pathology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11(Suppl 4), S794-800 (1989).","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"99130_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1061","volume":"13","author":"E Akinci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akinci, E., Bodur, H. & Leblebicioglu, H. Pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 13, 429\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1061 (2013).","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"99130_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit061","volume":"207","author":"M Zivcec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zivcec, M. et al. Lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection in interferon alpha\/beta receptor knockout mice is associated with high viral loads, proinflammatory responses, and coagulopathy. J. Infect. 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