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As on-road, fully-instrumented studies of drowsy driving have largely focused on young drivers, we examined the impact of sleep loss on driving performance and physiological drowsiness in both younger and older drivers of working age. Sixteen \u2018younger\u2019 adults (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u00a0years [21\u201333\u00a0years], 9 males) and seventeen \u2018older\u2019 adults (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200957.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2, [50\u201365\u00a0years], 9 males) undertook two 2\u00a0h drives on a closed-loop track in an instrumented vehicle with a qualified instructor following (i) 8\u00a0h sleep opportunity the night prior (well-rested), and (ii) after 29-h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Following TSD, both age groups displayed increased subjective sleepiness and lane departures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with younger drivers exhibiting 7.37\u2009\u00d7\u2009more lane departures, and 11\u2009\u00d7\u2009greater risk of near crash events following sleep loss. While older drivers exhibited a 3.5\u2009\u00d7\u2009more lane departures following sleep loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), they did not have a significant increase in near-crash events (3\/34 drives). Compared to older adults, younger adults had 3.1\u2009\u00d7\u2009more lane departures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and more near crash events (79% versus 21%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). Ocular measures of drowsiness, including blink duration, number of long eye closures and PERCLOS increased following sleep loss for younger adults only (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These results suggest that for older working-aged adults, driving impairments observed following sleep loss may not be due to falling asleep. Future work should examine whether this is attributed to other consequences of sleep loss, such as inattention or distraction from the road.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99133-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T14:10:44Z","timestamp":1636121444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["On-road driving impairment following sleep deprivation differs according to age"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna W. 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While the remaining authors report no conflicts of interests related to the results reported in this paper, in the interest of full disclosure: Anna Cai received Scholarship funding from the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness Safety and Productivity. Jessica Manousakis has received contract research support from VicRoads\/The Victorian Department of Transport. Shantha Rajaratnam. is the Director of the Sleep Health Foundation, and has received grants from Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Philips Respironics, Cephalon, Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and Shell. He also has received equipment support and consultancy fees through his institution from Optalert, Compumedics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Circadian Therapeutics. He was the Program Leader for the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness Safety and Productivity. Mark Howard has received research funding from the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness Safety and Productivity, contract research support from Vicroads, Shell International, Rio Tinto and equipment support for research from Optalert and Seeing Machines. He has served as a consultant for Vicroads, the National Transport Commission, Victoria Police and Bus Safety Victoria and received lecturing fees from TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Biogen and Astra-Zeneca. Clare Anderson has received a research award\/prize from Sanofi-Aventis; contract research support from VicRoads, Rio Tinto Coal Australia, National Transport Commission, Tontine\/Pacific Brands, and AAA Foundation; industry funding through ARC Linkage scheme with Seeing Machines and Cogstate Ltd; and lecturing fees from Brown Medical School\/Rhode Island Hospital, Ausmed, Healthmed and TEVA Pharmaceuticals; and reimbursements for conference travel expenses from Philips Healthcare. In addition, she has served as a consultant to the Rail, Bus and Tram Union, the Transport Accident Commission (TAC), the National Transportation Committee (NTC), VicRoads, and Melius Consulting. She has also served as an expert witness and\/or consultant in relation to fatigue and drowsy driving, and was a Theme Leader in the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity at the time of this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21561"}}