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We investigated whether TMT on CT could predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with HNSCC. A total of 106 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC were included in this retrospective study. The patients underwent baseline head and neck CT and\/or MRI between July, 2008 and August, 2018. The correlation between TMT on CT and MRI was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The cut-off value of TMT on CT for determining tumor progression was identified using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Uni- and consecutive multi-variable Cox regression models were used to verify the association between TMT and PFS. TMT on CT and MRI showed excellent correlation (ICC, 0.894). After a mean follow-up of 37\u00a0months, 49 out of 106 patients showed locoregional recurrence and\/or distant metastasis. The cut-off TMT of 6.47\u00a0mm showed good performance in predicting tumor progression (area under the curve, 0.779). The Cox regression model showed that TMT\u2009\u2264\u20096.24\u00a0mm (median value in study population) was a significant contributing factor for predicting shorter PFS (hazard ratio 0.399; 95% confidence interval 0.209\u20130.763;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.005). TMT may be used as a surrogate parameter for pre-treatment sarcopenia and could help predict PFS in patients with HNSCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99201-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T09:52:53Z","timestamp":1633427573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Temporalis muscle thickness as an indicator of sarcopenia predicts progression-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Boeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Jung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Jin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Se","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"99201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.05.012","volume":"71","author":"AW Wendrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wendrich, A. W. et al. Low skeletal muscle mass is a predictive factor for chemotherapy dose-limiting toxicity in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 71, 26\u201333 (2017).","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"99201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.350","volume":"107","author":"JR Lieffers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lieffers, J. R., Bathe, O. F., Fassbender, K., Winget, M. & Baracos, V. E. Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative infection and delayed recovery from colorectal cancer resection surgery. Br. J. Cancer 107, 931\u2013936 (2012).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"99201_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23862","volume":"111","author":"S Joglekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joglekar, S. et al. Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of complications following pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 111, 771\u2013775 (2015).","journal-title":"J. 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