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By observing mating of zebrafish under high-speed video, we analyzed and characterized a behavioral cascade leading to successful fertilization. When paired, a male zebrafish engages the female by oscillating his body in high frequency (\n                    <jats:italic>quivering<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). In response, the female pauses swimming and bends her body (\n                    <jats:italic>freezing<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Subsequently, the male contorts his trunk to enfold the female\u2019s trunk. This behavior is known as\n                    <jats:italic>wrap around<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>wrap around<\/jats:italic>\n                    behavior consists of two previously unidentified components. After both sexes contort their trunks, the male adjusts until his trunk compresses the female\u2019s dorsal fin (\n                    <jats:italic>hooking<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). After\n                    <jats:italic>hooking<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the male trunk slides away from the female\u2019s dorsal fin, simultaneously sliding his pectoral fin across the female\u2019s gravid belly, stimulating egg release (\n                    <jats:italic>squeezing\/spawning<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Orchestrated coordination of\n                    <jats:italic>spawning<\/jats:italic>\n                    presumably increases fertilization success. Surgical removal of the female dorsal fin inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>hooking<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the transition to\n                    <jats:italic>squeezing<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In a neuromuscular mutant where males lack\n                    <jats:italic>quivering<\/jats:italic>\n                    , female\n                    <jats:italic>freezing<\/jats:italic>\n                    and subsequent courtship behaviors were absent. We thus identified traits of zebrafish mating behavior and clarified their roles in successful mating.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99638-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T09:24:52Z","timestamp":1634030692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["High-speed camera recordings uncover previously unidentified elements of zebrafish mating behaviors integral to successful fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Buntaro","family":"Zempo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Daikoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihito","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"99638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2007.04.077","volume":"269","author":"C Lawrence","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. 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