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A series of 23 adolescents with SK who underwent surgery through an only posterior approach using all pedicle screw constructs were included in the study. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during a maximal exercise tolerance test before and 2\u00a0years after surgery. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SatO2), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), ventilatory capacity at maximal exercise (VEmax), and energy costs were recorded. There were statistically significant differences in the forced vital capacity (FVC) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), total VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max (ml\/min) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), maximum expired volume (VEmax) per minute (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and cardiovascular efficiency (HR\/VO2 ratio) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). None of these changes were clinically relevant. There were no changes in the VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max per kg of body mass. The magnitude of the kyphosis correction did not correlate with the change in normalized VO2max or VEmax. In conclusion, patients with moderate-severe SK improve their baseline respiratory limitations and the tolerance to maximum exercise 2\u00a0years after surgery. However, the slight cardiorespiratory functional improvements should not necessarily be attributed to the surgery, and could also be caused solely by the residual growth of the lungs and thorax. Furthermore, respiratory functional changes are under thresholds considered as clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99674-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T10:18:43Z","timestamp":1633947523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiorespiratory function of patients undergoing surgical correction of Scheuermann's hyperkyphosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Vera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Ant\u00f3n-Rodrig\u00e1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Tamariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"99674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00011","volume":"75","author":"PM Murray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murray, P. 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