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In this study, we tested the hypothesis that<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>parasites form genetic clusters that coincide with the communities of their human hosts. We also looked for genetic clustering of parasites at the sub-community level. Our data consists of 14 microsatellite DNA markers, typed from pooled DNA samples from<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$N=254$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>254<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>infected individuals living in three Brazilian communities. We found a one-to-one correspondence between genetic clusters found by K-means cluster analysis and communities when<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$K = 3$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. These clusters are also easily identified in a neighbor-joining tree and principal coordinates plots. K-means analysis with<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$K &gt; 3$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>also reveals genetic clusters of parasites at the sub-community level. These sub-clusters also appear on the neighbor-joining tree and principal coordinates plots. A surprising finding is a genetic relationship between subgroups in widely separated human communities. This connection suggests the existence of common transmission sites that have wide influence. In summary, the genetic structure of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>in Brazil juxtaposes local isolation that is occasionally broken by long-range migration. Permanent eradication of schistosomes will require both local efforts and the identification of regional infection reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04776-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T11:05:12Z","timestamp":1642676712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cryptic population structure and transmission dynamics uncovered for Schistosoma mansoni populations by genetic analyses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucio M.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano K.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald E.","family":"Blanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S204345","volume":"10","author":"MA Verjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verjee, M. 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